Antifouling pesticides

Different antifouling pesticides of triazine type were determined in Portuguese rivers by APCI-LC-MS(-i-) after SPE for concentration, which was performed with Oasis cartridges [323]. 

There is a current control system for certain types of biocidal products (known as non-agricultural pesticides) operated by HSE under the Control of Pesticides Regulations (CoPR). These are antifouling products, insecticides, wood preservatives and surface biocides. Additionally agricultural pesticides are controlled under CoPR but these are administered by the Pesticides Safety Directorate (PSD), an executive agency of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). 

U ren, S.C. 1983. Acute toxicity of bis(tributyltin)oxide to a marine copepod. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14 303-306. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1986. Initiation of a special review of certain pesticide products containing tributyltins used as antifoulants availability of support document. Federal Register 51(5) 778-779. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1987. Tributyltin. Technical support document. Position document 2/3. Mimeo. 152 pp. Avail, from U.S. Environ. Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides Programs, Registration Division, Special Review Branch, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. U.S. Navy (USN). 1984. Environmental Assessment of Fleetwide Use of Organotin Antifouling Paint. U.S. 

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA)[6] is the federal authority which is responsible for reviewing and registering agricultural and veterinary products. Some surfactants for which a pesticidal claim is made come under the scope of the APVMA. Thus surfactants which are used as biocides, as adjuvants (which assist in the distribution and penetration of the active into the plant and enhance the activity), to kill pests in post-harvest treatments and in antifouling or water treatment processes are regulated by the APVMA. 

Metals may be introduced into paints as the principal constituents in pigments, in drying oils, in pesticides or antifouling compounds and as markers in security paints. The need to monitor metal levels arises from the effects trace metals may have upon the colour or quality of the paint, its toxicity or in forensic applications. Many countries have legislation specifying the maximum permissible levels for toxic elements in toys. The British Toy (Safety) Regulations 1974 [144] sets dry weight limits in paint or varnishes on toys for soluble barium of 500 ppm, soluble antimony and... 

Harmful effects of organotin pesticides, antifouling paints, and their degradation products... 

Azocine derivatives have been employed as antiparasitics,201 herbicides,202-209 insecticides,210 211 pesticides,212 marine antifoulants,213 214 corrosion inhibitors,215 217 vulcanization accelerators,218-220 dyes,221,222 polymer stabilizers and inhibitors,223-225 bacteriocides,226 and as com-plexing agents in the determination of metals.227-229... 

Use Fungicide and bactericide in underwater and antifouling paints, pesticide. 

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