Anticancer delivery

Mayer LD, Cullis PR, Bally MB. Designing therapeutically optimized liposomal anticancer delivery systems lessons from conventional liposomes. In Papahad-jopoulos L, ed. Medical Applications of Liposomes. New York Elsevier Science, 1998. 

Although the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 6-MP in fME administrated rats have demonstrated promising anticancer delivery system, their activity on tumor cells required deeper investigation. Hence we also compared the in vitro cultured cell toxicity and in vivo antitumor efficacy of fMEs and surface-modified fMEs with the free drug. 

Strobel et al. (101) reported a unique approach to delivery of anticancer agents from lactide/glycolide polymers. The concept is based on the combination of misonidazole or adriamycin-releasing devices with radiation therapy or hyperthermia. Prototype devices consisted of orthodontic wire or sutures dip-coated with drug and polymeric excipient. The device was designed to be inserted through a catheter directly into a brain tumor. In vitro release studies showed the expected first-order release kinetics on the monolithic devices. 

H., and Muranishi, S., Lactic acid oligomer microspheres containing an anticancer agent for selective lymphatic delivery. 

Low-density lipoprotein 0.017-0.025 Delivery to neoplastic cells Methotrexate, anticancer agents... 

Feazell, R.P. et al. (2007) Soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum(IV) anticancer drug design. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129 (27), 8438-8439. 

Polymer micelles are nanometer sized (usually several tens of nanometers) self-assembled particles having a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic outer shell composed of amphiphilic AB- or ABA-type block copolymers, and are utilized as drug delivery vehicles. The first polymer micelle-type drug delivery vehicle was made of PEG-b-poly(aspartic acid) (PEG-b-PAsp), immobilizing the hydro-phobic anticancer drugDXR [188-191]. After this achievement by Kataoka et al., a great amount of research on polymer micelles has been carried out, and there are several reviews available on the subject [192-194]. 

Brown SD, Nativo P, Smith JA, Stirling D, Edwards PR, Venugopal B, Flint DJ, Plumb JA, Graham D, Wheate NJ (2010) Gold nanoparticles for the improved anticancer drug delivery of the active component of oxaliplatin. J Am Chem Soc 132 4678-4684... 

Ultimately, for Pt(IV) anticancer drugs, a combination of incorporation of bioactive ligands that specifically target cancer cells, control over ligand-exchange kinetics, and selective activation by light would allow for temporal and spatial control of drug delivery and activation. 

These amino acid and protein binding results might account for the low toxic side effects of this class of anticancer agents (72). On the other hand, the relatively weak binding to amino acids and proteins could perhaps aid in transport and delivery of active species to cancer cells prior to binding to DNA or RNA (75). 

A major point that needs to be addressed in future work is the targeted delivery of organometallic anticancer drugs to cancer cells only. Also, additional features that generate cytotoxic activity other than disruption of DNA replication, such as the inclusion of molecular fragments that can interfere in cancer cell-specific cellular pathways, could be explored (11,103). 

Keywords Antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, antioxidant properties, antiviral activity, cell protection, contrast agent, drag delivery, photodynamic therapy, protein interaction, radiotherapy, toxicity... 

Dufes, C., J. M. Muller, W. Couet, J. C. Olivier, I. F. Uchegbu, and A. G. Schatzlein. 2004. Anticancer drug delivery with transferrin targeted polymeric chitosan vesicles. Pharm Res 21(l) 101-7. 

These examples are but a few of the many reports on the use of pronucleotides as delivery systems of antiviral and anticancer nucleotides. The interested reader is referred to an extensive review on this subject [97],... 

---