Anticancer compounds antiviral activity

Various phosphorus compounds can be synthesized by P-H bond addition to unsaturated organic molecules (alkynes, alkenes, dienes, aldehydes and imines). The target products are in demand as biologically active compounds [8-26], useful compounds in nucleic acid chemistry [27-31], versatile reagents in synthesis [32-36] and building blocks in polymer sciences [37-43]. In the area of biologically active compounds antifungal and antibacterial properties of vinyl phospho-nates were considered as well as their anticancer and antiviral activity was evaluated [44 7]. Practical application includes utilization of phosphorus compounds in fuel cell membranes, optical materials and flame retardants [48-55]. 

The last decade has witnessed many promising developments in the field of medicinal chemistry, with organometallic compounds displaying anticancer and antimetastasis activity, and finding applications as antibiotics, antiviral and anti-parasitic agents [106-108]. 

The ruthenium cluster shown in Fig. 4 is active against poHo virus type 1, which is stUl a cause of major physical disabilities in the world. This compoimd showed Httle toxicity in healthy cells, yet promising antiviral activity [147]. A number of other cluster compounds have been shown to interact with DNA in vitro [148], and while they may prove to have activity as anticancer agents, the fact that they bind DNA indicates that they may also have general toxicity. 

Many polycyclic natural compounds that contain bromine atoms have been isolated from several different marine organisms (Fig. 9.3) [7, 8]. Most of them possess bioactivities of pharmacological interest such as antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. Natural products that have an a-bromo-p,p-dimethylcyclohexane structure are also bioactive compounds. Their biosynthesis... 

Biomedical Uses. The molybdate ion is added to total parenteral nutrition protocols and appears to alleviate toxicity of some of the amino acid components in these preparations (see Mineral NUTRIENTS) (97). Molybdenum supplements have been shown to reduce iiitrosarnine-induced mammary carcinomas in rats (50). A number of studies have shown that certain heteropolymolybdates (98) and organometaUic molybdenum compounds (99) have antiviral, including anti-AIDS, and antitumor activity (see Antiviral agents Chemotherapeutics, anticancer). 

Benzimidazole is an important heterocyclic nucleus in the field of medicinal chemistry. The most prominent benzimidazole compound in nature is N-ribosyldimethylbenzimidazole, which serves as an axial ligand for cobalt in vitamin B12. The versatile nature of benzimidazole makes it a highly explored molecule in medicinal chemistry. A number of pharmacological activities are associated with benzimidazole derivatives such as anthelmintic, antiulcer, antipsychotic, proton pump inhibitor, antianxiety, anti-emetic and sedative, vasodilator, anticancer, analgesic, antihistaminic, antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial. 

The large diversity of biological activities including antimalarial, antioxoplasmosis, antileishmaniasis, antishistosomiasis, antitrypanosomiasis, antiviral, antifugal and even anticancer activities displayed by artemisinin and artemisinin derivatives (cf. Ref. 55 for a review) added to the multitude of artemisinin-inspired trioxanes, trioxolanes, tetraoxa-cycloalkanes and peroxide, homodimeric-, trimeric- and even tetrameric artemisinin derivatives recently designed and synthesized is a clear indication that in the future, these compounds will become even more important in the chemotherapy of various diseases, perhaps even above and beyond those mentioned here. 

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