Variable region, antibody

Starovasnik, M.A., M.P. O Connell, W.J. Fairbrother, and R.F. Kelley. 1999. Antibody variable region binding by Staphylococcal protein A thermodynamic analysis and location of the Fv binding site on E-domain. Protein Sci 8 1423-1431. 

Manser, T., Parhami-Seren, B., Margolies, M.N., Gefter, M.L. (1987). Somatically mutated forms of a major anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibody variable region with drastically reduced affinity for p-azophenylarsonate. By-products of an antigen-driven immune response J. Exp. Med. 166, 1456-1463. 

Weigert, M. Riblet, R. (1976). Genetic control of antibody variable regions. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 41, 837-846. 

Bird RE, Walker BW, Single chain antibody variable regions, Trends. Biotech., 9 132-138, 1991. 

Electrophoretic heterogeneity of whole antibody or even of active Fab proteolytic fragments is still an issue in the development of noncompetitive assay. To get a uniform peak in CE, Hafner et al. [29] proposed using singlechain antibody variable-region fragments (scFv), which can be produced by recombinant technology. 

As discussed above, domains in modular proteins represent independent functions. Thus, deletion of specific modules or inclusion of functional modules of other proteins to form chimeras has been used to create novel proteins. This approach has already been touched upon in the preceding discussions of human-mouse chimeric antibodies, antibody variable regions, Fabs, and some antibody toxin conjugates, and is further elaborated here. Additional examples of t-PA domain mntants and chimeras involving the AIDS virus receptor, CD4 and other chimeras, are discussed. 

JW Larrick, L Danielsson, CA Brenner, et al. Polymerase chain reaction using mixed primers cloning of human monoclonal antibody variable region genes from single hybridoma cells. Bio/Technology 7 934-938, 1989. 

FIGURE 5.3.9 Human antibodies must be immensely diverse to antieipate the unpredictable infections that beset us. The variable regions on the two arms of antibodies include three hypervariable segments (dark stripes) that bind directly to invaders. These segments mutate much more than other parts of antibodies variable regions. (From Caporale, L.H., Am. Sci., 91, 234, 2003. With permission.)... 

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