Antibodies cross-reactions

Chitarra, V., Alzari, P. M., Bentley, G. A., Bhat, T. N., Eisele, J. L., Houdusse, A., Lescar, J., Souchon, H., and Poljak, R. J. (1993). Three-dimensional structure of a hetero-clitic antigen-antibody cross-reaction complex. Proc. Nail. Acad. Set. USA 90(16), 7711-7715. 

In 15-50% of cases, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to a NMBA has been reported at the first known contact with a NMBA [1,3, 14]. This suggests a possible cross-reaction with IgE antibodies generated by previous contact with apparently unrelated chemicals drugs, such as pholcodine, cosmetics, disinfectants and industrial materials [14,... 

The chemical adducts formed by reaction of aldehydes with lysine residues form highly immunogenic epitopes, and antibodies have been prepared specific for malondialdehyde- and 4-hydroxynonenal-conjugated LDL (Gonen et al., 1987 Yla-Herttuala et al., 1989 Jurgens et al., 1990). These antibodies cross-react with material in atherosclerotic lesions but not normal tissue, thus supporting the central role of lipid peroxidation in the patho nesis of atherosclerosis (Yla-Herttuala et al., 1989, 1991). 

Vaarala, O., Alfthan, G., Jauhiainen, M., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Aho, K. and Palosuo, T. (1993). Cross-reaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 341, 923-925. 

Edwards, R.J., Singleton, A.M., Boobis, A.R., and Davies, D.S. (1989) Cross-reaction of antibodies to coupling groups used in the production of anti-peptide antibodies./. Immunol. Meth. 117, 215-220. 

CDC Case Definition A mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by acute onset and constitutional symptoms followed by a brief remission and a recurrence of fever, hepatitis, albuminuria, and symptoms and, in some instances, renal failure, shock, and generalized hemorrhages. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis is (1) fourfold or greater rise in yellow fever antibody titer in a patient who has no history of recent yellow fever vaccination and cross-reactions to other flaviviruses have been excluded or (2) demonstration of yellow fever virus, antigen, or genome in tissue, blood, or other body fluid. 

Snitkoff et al. [75] reported the development of an EIA for the detection of ciprofloxacin in serum, which was sensitive at picogram per milliliter levels of the antibiotic and no cross-reaction with its metabolites was observed. Gobbo et al. [118] recently described the production of PAb for ciprofloxacin with the aim of detecting fluoroquinolones in Brazilian livestock. On the other hand, Bucknall et al. [77] produced antibodies for quinolones and fluoroquinolones with the aim of developing both generic and specific immunoassays. ELISAs for ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, and nalidixic acid were developed with sensitivity values around 4 pg kg 1 (on both the generic and specific assays) in bovine milk and ovine kidney. 

Ascites Monoclonal 1 10 mg/ml 0.9 9 mg/ml Background from mouse antibodies Max. 90%, cross reactions possible... 

The cross-reaction of secondary species-specific antibodies with primary antibodies from the same species is obviously avoided by direct (one antibody layer) methods. The direct method offers an easy way for simultaneous labeling of a pair or more antigens, even when using primary antibodies from the same species. Recently, a direct technique with primary antibodies that are covalently labeled by different fluorophores was described for a simultaneous detection of up to seven... 

Some patients will have repeatedly nonspecific reactivity in an ELISA assay, since the HIV-1 antigen used for the antibody assays is produced in cultured human T cells. It is not unexpected that occasional false positive assays occur in human sera from individuals with autoimmune diseases a history of multiple pregnancies or multiple transfusions or antibodies to certain class II histocompatibility antigens (especially HLA-DR4). Block reagents have been added to specimen diluents to minimize cross-reactions in these sera. This necessitates the use of confirmatory tests, especially the Western blot. With the use of both ELISA and Western blots, false positives decrease to less than 1 per 100,000. 

After isolation in a pure state, each of the ribosomal proteins was injected into rabbits and/or sheep, and antibodies were obtained. It was demonstrated by various immunological techniques that there is no significant immunological cross-reaction among any of the E. coti ribosomal... 

Application of the RIA. The RIA was initially used to evaluate the cross-reaction of the STXOL antisera to STX. The antibody was found to have excellent STX cross-reactivity (93%). Subsequent preparation of a logit/log (37) standard curve for STX (Figure 4) demonstrated that the chosen assay format would give good reproducibility and a desirable order of magnitude linear sensitivity range. 

A prominent advantage of this assay procedure is the feature that the complex of hapten and labeled antibody was captured on a solid phase (PMP) and separated from the reaction medium before signal determination. This additional step not only reduces interference due to biological specimens but also eliminates the tedious transfer of supernatant, which is essential in conventional immunometric assays. This immunometric assay provided somewhat improved specificity in terms of the cross-reactivities with T2 and reverse T3 (3,3, 5 -L-triiodothyronine). The authors speculated that the dissociation rate of the antibody-cross-reactant complex would be faster than that of an antibody-analyte complex thus the former binding would be preferentially substimted by T2 immobilized on CPG. 

Immunochemical approaches are cheaper, readily adaptable, rapid, portable, and reduce the need for expensive analytical equipment. They can also be used to simultaneously assay a large number of samples over a short period of time. One of the major factors that still hmits the use of this technique in the detection of a wider range of PPCPs in the environment is the lack of suitable antibodies sensitive to most PPCPs that occur in the environment. Furthermore, immunoassay accuracy can be susceptible to cross reactions and other effects from the matrix, giving false positives in some instances (Huang and Sedlak, 2001). Thus, it is recommended that immunoassay analytical results be validated with GC- or LC-based methods. 

If some of the antibodies in the antibody population of a serum against antigen A also precipitate with another antigen B, the process is called a cross-reaction between A and B. Cross-reactions are caused by antigenic determinants that A and B have in common. 

Nielson, K. H. 1977. Bovine reaginic antibody. III. Cross reaction of anti-human IgE and antibovine reaginic immunoglobulin antisera with sera from several species of mammals. Can. J. Comp. Med. 41, 345-348. 

Heidelberger and Aisenberg240 studied the cross-reaction of the Merck and DuPont polyglucoses with antibodies to pneumococcal C-substance and to type-specific polysaccharides. One of the D-glucose polymers (Merck 52R61I) was separated into a series of fractions on the basis of fractionation with alcohol (isopropyl alcohol and ethanol) and with glacial acetic acid, the most insoluble fraction being called A, and the most soluble, E. The yield, analyses, and reactivity of these fractions with Types IX, XII, XX, and XXII antipneumococcal horse sera are presented in Table VII. 

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