Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity

Nakashima H, Masuda M, Murakami T, Koyanagi Y, Matsumoto A, Fujii N, Yamamoto N. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of a novel synthetic peptide, T22 ([Tyr-5,12,Lys-7]polyphemusin II) a possible inhibitor of virus-cell fusion. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992 36 1249 — 1255. 

Zink MC, Uhrlaub J, De Witt J, VoeUcer T, Bullock B, Mankowski J, TArwater P, Clements J, Barber S (2005) Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline. JAMA 293 2003-2011. 

Hayashi, K., Hayashi, T., and Kojima, I. (1996a). A natural sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan, isolated from Spirulina platensis In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of anti-Herpes simplex virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12,1463-1471. 

Flavin, M., et ah. Synthesis, chromatographic resolution and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/—)-calanolide A and its enantiomers, J. Med. Chem. (1996) 39(6), 1303—1313. 

Gosselin G, Schinazi RE, Sommadossi JP, Mathi C, Bergogne MC, Aubertin AM, Kim A, Imbach JL (1994) Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of the 1-1 enantiomer of 2, 3 -dideoxycytidine and its 5-fluoro derivative in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother... 

Jung M, Schinazi RF (1994) Synthesis and in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of artemisinin (Qinghaosu) related trioxanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 4 931—934... 

Parida MM, Upadhyay C, Pandya G et al (2002) Inhibitory potential of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) leaves on dengue virus type-2 replication. J Ethnopharmacol 79 273-278 Pelkmans L, Puntener D, Helenius A (2002) Local actin polymerization and dynamin recruitment in SV40-induced internalization of caveolae. Science 296 535-539 Premanathan M, Kathiresan K, Yamamoto N et al (1999) In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of polysaccharide from Rhizophora mucronata Poir. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63 1187-1191... 

Daluge, S.M. Good, S.S. Paletto, M.B. Miller, W.H. St.Clair, M.H. Boone, L.R. Tisdale, M. Parry, N.R. Reardon, J.E. Domsife, R.E. Averett, D.R. Krenitsky, T.A. 1592U89, a novel carbocyclic nucleoside analog with potent, selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1997,41, 1082-1093. 

Figure 3 Korumpensamine 237, anti-human immunodeficiency virus-active michella-mine 238, and an alkaloid (-)-gentrymine B 239.

Dorr P, Westby M, Dobbs S, et al. Maraviroc (UK-427,857), a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective small-molecule inhibitor of chemokine receptor CCR5 with broad-spectrum anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity. Anti-microb Agents Chemother 2005 49(l 1 ) 4721 —4732. 

Jansen RW, Molema G, Pauwels R, Schols D, De Clercq E, Meijer DKF. Potent in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activity of modified human serum albumins. Mol Pharmacol 1991 39 818-823. 

Balzarini J, Naesens L, Herdewijn P, Rosenberg I, Holy A, Pauwels R, Baba M, Johns DG, De Clercq E. Marked in vivo antiretrovirus activity of 9-(2-phosphonylmcthoxycthyljadcninc, a selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989 86 332-336. 

In addition, new some epoxide hydrolases have also shown a great utility for the desymmetrization of meso-epoxides. An interesting example is the synthesis of nelfinavir-the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug Viracept-where the (R,R)-diol obtained by opening the meso-epoxide is a suitable starting material. Scheme 10.6 shows a synthetic route to nehinavir [14]. 

Fujihashi T, Hara H, Sakata T, Mori K, Higuchi H, Tanaka A, Kaji H, Kaji A (1995) Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Activities of Halogenated Gomisin J Derivatives, New Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of HIV Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 2000... 

R. W. Jansen, D. Schols, R. Pauwels, E. De Clercq, and D. K. F. Meijer, Novel, negatively charged, human serum albumins display potent and selective in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity, Mol. Pharmacol. 44 1003-1007 (1993). 

Curdlan, which is a linear (1—> 3)-/3-D-glucan (O Scheme i), also suppresses the proliferation of subcutaneously implanted sarcoma 180 markedly [7]. Curdlan sulfate with a high degree of suhstitution (O Scheme 4) is reported to exert strong anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) activity [8,9]. 

Sato, Y., Utsumi, K., Maruyama, T., et al. (1994) Synthesis and hypnotic and anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activities of -Substituted 2 -Deoxy-2 -fluorouridines. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 595-598. 

Soudeyns, H., Yao, X.-J., Gao, Q., Belleau, B., Kraus, J.-L., Nguyen-Ba, N., Spira, B., and Wainberg, M. A. (1991) Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and in vitro toxicity of 2 -deoxy-3 -thiacytidine (BCH-189), a novel heterocyclic nucleoside analog. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35, 1386-1390. 

Erice, A., Balfour, H. H., Jr., Myers, D. E., Leske, V. L., Sannerud, K. J., Kuebelbeck, V., Irvin, J. D., and Uckun, F. M. (1993) Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity of an anti-CD4 immunoconjugate containing pokeweeci antiviral protein. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 835-338. 

Nakashima H, Matsui T. A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus substance, glycyrrhizin sulfate endowment of glycyrrhizin with reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activity by chemical modification. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987 11 225-61. 

A gold complex auranofin has been developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This is a typical linear two-coordinate complex of gold , with soft S and P donors to match the soft metal ion (Figure 9.4). The bulky ligands here promote compatibility in the bio-environment, and activity is influenced by the substituents on the RS and R3P ligands. Gold complexes have also been examined for antimicrobial, antimalarial and anti HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. A copper(II) complex (Figure 9.4) is effective as a competitive inhibitor of HIV-1. 

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