Anti-adhesion strategies

Following with bacterial infections and anti-adhesion strategies,86 88 NMR based structural studies have been conducted on O-polysaccharide chains in these past few years,38 40,42,43 in order to elucidate the molecular basis and the role of the lipopolysaccharides in these pathologies. 

There are some pofenfial limifafions of anti-adhesive strategies that must also be recognized. Pathogenic bacteria often encode genes for more than one type of adhesin, and, via a process knovm as phase variation (Flenderson et al., 1999), express adhesins on either a random or perhaps "as-needed" basis. Therefore, a cocktail of different anti-adhesive agents... 

Kelly, C. G., and Younson, J. S. (2000). Anti-adhesive strategies in the prevention of infectious disease at mucosal surfaces. Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 9,1711-1712. 

Keywords Adhesins, (A)fimbrial, Pili, Receptors, Anti-adhesion strategies... 

Silva et al. (2006) studied starch-based microparticles as a novel strategy for tissue engineering applications. They developed starch-based microparticles, and evaluated them for bioactivity, cytotoxicity, ability to serve as substrates for cell adhesion, as well as their potential to be used as delivery systems either for anti-inflammatory agents or growth factors. Two starch-based materials were used for the development of starch-based particulate systems (1) a blend of starch and polylactic acid (SPLA) (50 50 w/w) and (2) a chemically modifled potato starch, Paselli II (Pa). Both materials enabled the synthesis of particulate systems, both polymer and composite (with BG 45S5). A simple solvent extraction method was employed for the synthesis of SPLA and SPLA/BG microparticles, while for Pa and Pa/BG... 

Since adhesion molecules are of pivotal importance in cell trafficking and thus inflammation, they could constitute good therapeutic targets in RA. In fact, a murine mAb to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-l proved to lead to clinical improvement, (140) but repeated administration may have less effects, and the side-effect profile was also of major concern (141). Thus, anti-ICAM-1 may not be the strategy of choice. In this context it should be mentioned that TNFa blockade leads not only to clinical benefit but also to reduction of adhesion molecule expression. 

Muzykantov VR, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Balyasnikova I, et al. Streptavidin facilitates internalization and pulmonary targeting of an anti-endothelial cell antibody (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) a strategy for vascular iimnunotargeting of drags. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 96 2379-2384. 

Adhesion-based strategies make use of the protein markers expressed by cells in order to immobilize them to specific points within microfluidic devices. This has been identified as a robust and reliable method for POC applications. Typically an antibody with (specific) affinity for the protein marker of interest (e.g., CD4 in HIV diagnostics or EpCAM in CTC testing) is immobilized on the surface of a microfluidic device (Fig. 1). The capture area can be defined in various shapes, patterns, and locations, e.g., to optimize binding and/or detection. This approach was used by Nagrath et al. [3] to isolate CTCs using a microfluidic chip which consisted of an array of 78,000 microposts which were coated with anti-EpCAM antibodies. The posts increased the inner surface area of the chip and thus enhanced the efficiency of CTC capture. Up to 5.1 ml of whole blood, acquired from 116 patients with... 

Because of the significant impact of biomaterial-indnced infections and the loss of efficacy of antibiotic-based conventional therapies, it is imperative that new strategies against bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterial snrfaces are found. Antibacterial or anti-infection polynrethane biomaterials have been rapidly developed, similar to the most current infection-resistant biomaterial technologies, and their potential in... 

---