Anisotropic behavior

Therefore, before a final wall structure can be selected, it is necessary to conduct a combined strain analysis in both the longitudinal and hoop directions. This analysis will consider thermal contraction strains, the internal pressure, and the pipe s ability to bridge soft spots in the trench s bedding. In order to do this we must know more about the inherent properties of the material we are dealing with that is a structure made up of successive layers of continuous filament-wound fiberglass strands embedded within a plastic matrix. We must know the modulus of the material in the longitudinal direction and the 

RTR pipe designers also use a stress-strain curve similar to that used by steel pipe 

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Simulations of that kind result in a wide variety of A-scans and wavefront snapshots. The first screening of this material reveals, that the simulations in which the transducer is coupling partly to the V-butt weld and partly to the steel exhibit quite a number of pulses in the A-scans because the coupling at the interface of the weld results — due to the anisotropic behavior of the weld — in a complicated splitting of the transmitted wavefront. The different parts of the splitted wavefront are reflected and diffracted by the backwall, the interface, and — if present — by the notch and, therefore, many small signals are received by the transducer, which can only be separated and interpreted with great difficultie.s. 

As the laminate industry grew, this anisotropic behavior was accepted and fabrication techniques adapted to it. For example, expansion and contraction space was left between wall panels, very strong adhesives were developed for bonding the product to substrates, special substrates were qualified, and where it was necessary to cut holes into the laminates the corners were radiused to prevent cracking from stress concentration. 

What does anisotropic behavior mean Why does graphite exhibit anisotropic behavior ... 

Heterogeneity of n values is related to a number of factors, including end groups, differences in density between amorphous and crystalline regions, anisotropic behavior of crystalline portions, incorporation of additives, and the presence of voids. 

Complexes of dithioacetylacetone (SacSac) have been reviewed.1830 As with acetylacetone complexes, th. chemical shift of the ring methine proton has been carefully studied for metal and substituent effects in order to probe for any aromatic or anisotropic behavior in these six-membered ring complexes.1830,1831 Much of the earlier work and theories on these complexes are summarized in an electrochemical study of the dithioketone complexes of Ni, Pd and Pt.1832 The complexes undergo two successive reversible one-electron reductions in the range -0.8 to —1.8 V yielding the MSJ and MS2- core.1832,1833 The monoanion MSJ is usually... 

As can be seen in H, Kelkers l) excellent review on the history of liquid crystals, investigations on liquid crystalline polymers already exist before F. Reinitzer in 1888 gave the very first description of a low molar mass liquid crystal (1-l.c.). While, however, 1-l.c. s have become an extensive field of research and application during the past decades, these activities on l.c. polymers have come rather late. The research on l.c. polymers during the last years is mainly joined with activities in material science and tries to realize polymers with exceptional properties. These exceptional properties are expected because of the combination of the physical anisotropic behavior of l.c. and the specific properties of macromolecular material. 

The different behavior (direct versus indirect band gap) of Si and Ge with respect to the film orientation can be explained in term of confinement effects on the conduction band minima (CBM) of the two semiconductors.Whereas the six equivalent ellipsoidal CBM of bulk Si occur in the (100) directions about 80% of the way to the zone boundary, in bulk Ge there are eight symmetry-related ellipsoids with long axes along the (111) directions centered on the midpoints of the hexagonal zone faces. Also the different confinement energy shifts with respect to the orientation of the layer can be interpreted in terms of the different highly anisotropic behavior of the effective masses for bulk Ge and Si [170,171]. 

J.L. Chaboche Viscoplastic constitutive equations for the description of cyclic and anisotropic behavior of metals. Bull, de 1 AcadSe rie Sc. et Techn. 25(1) 33 (1977)... 

According to Eibschutz et al. the susceptibility curves of BaFeF4115 show anisotropic behavior (Fig. 16) in the three directions of the crystal and indicate that the moments are... 

In the solid state, all interactions of nuclear spins exhibit anisotropic behavior, leading to complex spectra and broad lineshapes, the latter being the source for extremely short T2 and T Because of reduced molecular motion, 7) typically becomes very long. 

The optical spectroscopy between the near UV and the near IR represents an appropriate method to gain insight into the electronic properties of the crystals of the tetracyano-platinates(U). Since the spectroscopic properties, such as oscillator strengths, transition energies, emission intensities show a strongly anisotropic behavior, the polarized spectroscopy yields the most comprehensive information. 

The second drawback will be spatial inhomogeneities. In general, most simulations are concerned with bulk properties of a fluid. The presence of a surface, however, introduces some anisotropic behavior to the fluid. For exam-... 

In the field of nanoscale materials, /3-diketonate ligands play an important role as assembly agents in the preparation of high-spin molecules. For example, Fe3+ and Mn3+ clusters containing /3-diketonate donors have shown interesting magnetic anisotropic behavior, also being able to entrap alkaline ions.37,38... 

ISEA/MUN] Seacrist, L., Munir, Z. A., Studies on the sublimation of IIB-VIA compounds. IV. The anisotropic behavior of the sublimation of basal-plane oriented crystals of cadmium selenide. High Temp. ScL, 3, (1971), 340-348. Cited on pages 269, 270, 530. 

The reaction of carboxylic acids and phenols with ammonia and amines was studied by Curtin, Paul, Miller, and coworkers using X-ray data, light microscopy, and solid-state NMR [34, 35], They found anisotropic behavior under the light microscope, but frequently could not correlate to what they tried to predict on the basis of topochemistry. The discussion of that failure was postponed and not... 

The anisotropic behavior of some etchants, such as EDP, KOH, NaOH and TMAH, means that etching in the different crystallographic directions proceeds at different rates [7, 13, 14]. The most slowly etched directions are those in the (111)... 

The g-factors of electrons and holes reflect the nature of the conduction and valence bands in much the same way as the effective masses. Thus in AgF, AgCl, and AgBr, free electrons and shallowly trapped electrons whose wavefunctions are made up largely of conduction band functions are expected to be isotropic in nature. A free electron at the bottom of the band will have a single effective mass and g-factor. In contrast, free holes near the L-point and shallowly trapped holes whose wavefunctions are largely valence band functions are expected to show anisotropic behavior. A free hole will have parallel and perpendicular g-factors. The available data on electron and hole masses were given in Table 1 and the data on g-factors are given in Table 9. Thermalized electrons and holes in both modifications of Agl will be at the zone center. The anisotropic nature of the wurtzite crystal structure will be reflected in the effective masses and g-factors. 

In Sect. 3.2 the preparation of magnetic polymer composites under uniform magnetic field has been described. The resulting composites show anisotropic behavior. The anisotropy manifests itself in the direction-dependent elastic modulus. Figure 13 shows carbonyl iron-loaded mPDMS elastomers. All three samples contain the same amount of filler particles, but the spatial distribution of the filler is different, as shown in the figure. 

Li, F. and Puri, V.M. 1996. Measurement of anisotropic behavior of dry cohesive and cohesionless powders using a cubical triaxial tester. Powder Technol. 89, 197-207. 

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