Anionic detergents, toxicity

PHMB is very toxic to fish and aquatic life. It is moreover irritating to skin and may cause sensitization by skin contact. It can cause irritation to the eyes, nose and respiratory tract. The PHMB is not compatible with most common swimming pool chemicals. Not compatible with chlorine and chlorinated chemicals and bromine donors. Not compatible with ionic sterilizers, copper based QAC-algicides, anionic detergents, water softening chemicals, persulfate oxidants etc. The defence of the inventors of PHMB is that one should not combine it with other biocides because it should be a bactericide/algicide. But the algicidal properties of PHMB are very weak in brochures and manuals the dose is 200 ppm. 

Sirisattha S., Y. Momose, E. Kitagawa, and H. Iwahashi (2004). Toxicity of anionic detergents determined by Saccharomyces cerevisiae microarray analysis. Water Research 38 61-70. 

In freshwater fishes, mixtures of copper with anionic detergents or various organophos-phorus insecticides cause more-than-additive toxicity. And in marine vertebrates, copper... 

Precaution DOT Corrosive material incompat. with anionic detergents Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Fleated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of Cl, ... 

River pollution from anionic surfactants, the primarily toxic ones, is of two types (a) acute toxic pollution due to, for example, an accidental spill from a container of full-strength surfactant products, and (b) chronic pollution due to the daily discharges of municipal and industrial wastewaters. The international literature contains the result of numerous studies that have established dosages for both types of pollutional toxicity due to detergents, for most types of aquatic life such as species of fish. 

Kikuchi, M. Wakabayashi, M. Nakamura, T. Inoue, W. Takahashi, K. Ka-wana, T. Kawahara, H. Koido, Y. A Study of Detergents. II. Acute Toxicity of Anionic Surfactants on Aquatic Organisms. Annu. Rep. Tokyo Metrop. Res. Inst. Environ. Prot. Engl. Transl. 1976, 57-69. 

Anionic Emuisifiers Anionic surfactants make about 75% of all the consumption of surface-active material. They are rarely encountered in the preparation of an actual food. The toxicity level of anionic sirrfactants is high and even small doses of anionic surfactants can cause allergic reactions and nausea. However, as they are very strong detergents, they can be used to solubilize components such as proteins. Due to their strong electrostatic repulsion, they are also very effective in stabilizing emulsions and are therefore often applied in technical emulsions such as emulsified lubricants. 

II. Toxic dose. Mortality and serious morbidity are rare, but the nature of the toxic effect varies with the ingredients and concentration of the product. Cationic and dishwasher detergents are more dangerous than anionic and nonionic products. For benzalkonium chloride solutions, ingestion of 100-400 mg/kg has been fatal. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na20 Uses Whitener for cotton and other cellulosics surfactant in anionic and nonionic laundry detergents, dry bleaches, fabric softeners, commercial laundry prods. vise, control agent Trade Name Synonyms Eutex CBS [Aceto http //www.aceito.com], Tinopal CBS-X [Ciba Spec. Chems./Plastic Addit. http //WWW. cibasc. com]... 

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