Anionic alkyl polyglycoside

Anionic alkyl polyglycoside derivatives Cognis, Cesalpina Personal care ... 

A. Behler, H. Hensen, W. Seipel, Alkyl Polyglycoside Carboxylate - A New Anionic Surfactant, Proceedings 6th World Surfactant Congress, Cesio 2004, Berlin, June 20-23, 2004. 

A third class of industrial chemical biocides consists of agents with the ability to inhibit biological film formation, also called surfactants . The term surfactant originates from the phrase surface active agent. Surfactants fall into four broad categories anionic (e.g., soaps, alkyl benzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl phosphates), cationic (e.g., quaternary ammonium salts), nonionic (e.g., alkyl polyglycosides, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates), and zwitterionic. 

Quaternary ammonium amphoteric and anionic surfactants alkyl polyglycoside... 

Quaternary ammonium, amphoteric, and anionic surfactants, alkyl polyglycoside, emolhent, amide... 

The development of cosmetic microemulsion cleansers with alkyl polyglycosides (APG) was described by Forster et al. [4]. This class of non-ionic surfactants has excellent environmental and skin compatibility. Cosmetic cleanser multicomponent systems are required to have good foaming and cleansing performance. Figure 8.3 shows a pseudo-ternary phase diagram of a five-component formulation. It consists of water, the oil dioctyl cyclohexane (DOCH), the non-ionic surfactant C12/14-APG, the anionic surfactant fatty alcohol ether sulphate (FAES) and the co-surfactant sorbitan monolaurate (SML). The phase diagram... 

At the same time, surfactants like alkylbenzene sulfonates remain the most widely used basis for laundry detergents. Anionics remain the main products for making detergent compositions. Some of the application aspects of relatively new types of anionics (a-olefin sulfonates, sulfocarboxylic acids, alkyl phosphates etc.), whose commercial manufacture began in the 60-ties - 70-ties of the 20 century, are described by Stache [95]. The application of conventional types of nonionics like ethoxylated alcohols or alkyl phenols is presented in [13 -14], Alkyl polyglycosides were widely used in the last 5-8 years [96]. However, the main tendency in the development of new generation detergents is the use of surfactant mixtures in their optimum composition [97, 98]. 

The addition of anionic surfactants also has an influence on the clouding phenomena. The cloud points are considerably increased by small quantities of alkyl sulfates. According to Balzer [56], small quantities of alkyl sulfate lead to a change in the electrical charge of the alkyl polyglycoside micelles. This results in a greater repelling interaction between the micelles and leads to a distinct increase in the cloud point. 

Similarly to anionic surfactants, alkyl polyglycosides react to the addition of cosolvents that increase the solubility of the surfactant in the oil phase. In the decane-water-alkyl polyglycoside system, the addition of the cosolvent i-butanol results in a drastic reduction in the interfacial tension between oil and aqueous phase and, hence, in the formation of a third phase, the microemulsion [70]. As expected, the range in which this three-phase microemulsion exists is only slightly dependent on temperature and, in contrast to anionic surfactants, is also hardly affected by electrolytes [70]. Systematic investigations of the phase behavior confirm these initial results for a number of simple hydrocarbons from hexane to hexadecane and aromatics [71,72]. 

Alkyl polyglycosides combine properties of conventional nonionics and anionics. By far the largest proportion of commercial products is represented... 

In conjunction with anionic surfactants in dishwashing, alkyl polyglycosides show significant synergistic effects which can be demonstrated not only by physicochemical methods but also by methods of greater relevance to the... 

The surface tension behavior of mixtures of alkyl polyglycosides and anionic surfactants was investigated with reference to an alkyl polyglycoside/fatty-alcohol sulfate (FAS) mixture. Figme 12 shows the surface tension/concentration curves at 60°C for Cj j -APG, Cj2,4-FAS, and two mixtures of these... 

It is well-known that combinations of betaine and quaternaries only provide conditioning effects in the presence of anionic surfactants. Neither alkyl polyglycosides on their own nor the addition of betaine leads to any reduction in wet combability. However, in combination with cationic substances, alkyl polygly-... 

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