Animal production and health

Gohl, B. (1981) Tropical feeds. Feed information summaries and nutritive values. FAO Animal Production and Health Series, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 529. 

M. Symonds, H. W. In Nuclear Techniques in Animal Production and Health International Atomic Energy Agency Viena, 1976 p 179-189. 

Source Velle, W., FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 31, The use of hormones in animal production, Department of Physiology, Veterinary College of Norway, Oslo, Norway, 1981. 

Emeritus Professor of Animal Production and Health, University of Aberdeen... 

Lactic Acid Bacteria in Animal Production and Health 145... 

The per capita consumption of rice in the United States has doubled since 1960 to approximately 10 kg in 1989. Over the last decade U.S. rice consumption has benefited from a growing trend in U.S. diets away from high fat animal products and toward grain-based foods. Many health groups encourage use of the complex carbohydrates found in grain products such as rice. Also, increases in the Asian and Hispanic segments of the U.S. 

Milk has been a source for food for humans since the beginning of recorded history. Although the use of fresh milk has increased with economic development, the majority of consumption occurs after milk has been heated, processed, or made into butter. The milk industry became a commercial enterprise when methods for preservation of fluid milk were introduced. The successful evolution of the dairy industry from small to large units of production, ie, the farm to the dairy plant, depended on sanitation of animals, products, and equipment cooling faciUties health standards for animals and workers transportation systems constmction materials for process machinery and product containers pasteurization and sterilization methods containers for distribution and refrigeration for products in stores and homes. 

We see some similarities between the major life processes in plants (growth and differentiation) and the major life processes in animals and humans (proliferation and differentiation). We expect in future to relate this concept to animal production and to human health, to be able to cross the bridge from soil to plant to animal and finally human health. For example, the development in medicine of differentiation therapy in which vitamin A-derivates are used to treat human cancer cells in vitro (De Luca el al., 1995). Cancer is defined by too much uncontrolled growth of cells without enough differentiation. Using treatment with vitamin A-derivatives - a product of differentiation processes in the plant - undifferentiated cancer cells change into differentiated more healthy ones. 

Vitamins and minerals, whose main dietary sources are other than fruits and vegetables, are also likely to play a significant role in the prevention and repair of DNA damage, and thus are important to the maintenance of long-term health. Vitamin B12 is found in animal products, and deficiencies of B12 cause a functional folate deficiency, accumulation of the amino acid homocysteine (a risk factor for heart disease),46 and chromosome breaks. B12 supplementation above the RDA was necessary to minimize chromosome breakage.47 Strict vegetarians are at increased risk for developing vitamin B12 deficiency. 

Flaxseed as an animal feed has been limited until recently, although the benefits of feeding flaxseed to animals have been observed for nearly 100 years. Many of these observations have become folklore such as shinner coats and improved animal health. Quantifying the benefit to animal health is needed. However, some studies have shown general health improvement along with enhancement to animal production and end product quality. For a review of the health and production issues see the extension publications of Maddock et al. (2005), Novak and Scheideler (1998), and Puthpongsiriporn and Scheideler (2001). 

It is encouraging to note that major food retailers are exerting their influence on the producers and are increasingly stipulating the animal production, husbandry, health and welfare standards that are used to rear pigs and other food-producing species. 

One of the most striking consumer trends in recent years has been the increasing demand for natural and healthy foods where ethical issues (such as animal welfare and health) are also taken into consideration (Andersen et al., 2005). Safety has also become a very important issue of concern in modern food production, prompted mainly by several health crises (hormones, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), antibiotics, dioxin contamination of feed, etc.). 

Law L 794.1 created the Agency of Health Safety of Foods under the control of the Ministers of Health, Agriculture and Food. The Agency deals with health and safety issues relevant to foodstuffs and materials entering the food chain. It evaluates the health and nutritional risks of products destined for human or veterinary use, animal foodstuffs, veterinary products and health foods. 

This section focuses not only on the similarities and differences between hormones in humans and other nonprimate mammals but also mainly on hormones used in animal production and on then-possible health impacts. 

Animal feeding is experiencing tremendous changes. Its initial objective - to meet nutritional requirements - is now only one of many challenges we must understand and control its impact on product quality and safety, on animal welfare and health, and on the environment These wider objectives require the development of new concepts of nutritional value of feedstuffs,for which these tables are a useful basis. The new feed characteristics provided therein (amino acid digestibility, availability or digestibility of minerals, cation-anion difference) are definitely within this framework. 

The purpose of farming animals is to produce food (milk, meat, eggs), materials (wool, hide) and work (draught) that are of use to man. Chapter 25 describes the trends in consumption and nutrient contribution from animal products and then considers aspects of animal production that have an influence on the environment and human health. 

Monforte-Briceno GE, Sandoval-Castro CA, Ramirez-Aviles L, CapetUlo-Leal CM (2005) Defaunating capacity of tropical fodder trees effects of polyethylene glycol and its relationship to in vitro gas production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 123-124 313-327 Mueller-Harvey 1 (2006) UmaveUing the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health. J Sci Food Agric 86 2010-2037... 

Role of cereals and their processed products in human and animal nutrition and health... 

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