Animal models primates

Gysin, J. (1998). Animal models Primates. In "Malaria. Parasite biology, pathogenesis and protection" (Sherman, ed.), pp. 419-441. ASM Press, Washington, DC. 

COMMENT I think another matter to take into account is that, at least from the experienee of dopamine systems, in order to get overt behavioral dysfunetion you really need a pretty whopping lesion. In the primate, to get the kind of Parkinsonism that people talk about in animal models, that animal model actually turns out to be very difficult to produce in chronic Parkinsonism. The problem is developing an animal that has 90 to 95 percent depletion of dopamine on a chronic basis. As you know, it is a very narrow window, and it is very difficult to produce that kind of animal preparation. So I think you have to consider the possibility that lack of symptoms after serotonergic lesions could, perhaps, be related to the fact that we are dealing with preparations where there is a 50, 60, 70 percent depletion where we don t have enough of a lesion to produce an overt behavioral disturbance. 

The yellow coloration in the Monarch as well as the larva of three other species of butterfly from South Florida is exclusively due to the specific accumulation of exceptionally high levels of lutein producing a pigmented epidermis. This active accumulation, reminiscent of the specific accumulation that occurs in the primate macula, indicates that butterfly larva is an excellent animal model for the study of carotenoid transport and binding. As such, elucidation of the mechanism of transport and binding of lutein in the epidermis and other tissues of these butterfly larvae may provide insight into xanthophyll uptake within the human eye (Bhosale et al. 2004). 

If initial clinical trials reveal differences in human versus animal model pharmacokinetic profiles, additional pharmacokinetic studies may be necessary using primates. 

Animal models of fear and anxiety have primarily used the rat, the mouse and, to a lesser extent, non-human primates 899... 

Animal models of fear and anxiety have primarily used the rat, the mouse and, to a lesser extent, nonhuman primates. It is not particularly difficult to evoke or measure anxiety in these species. However, difficulties arise when one attempts to define exactly how a stimulus and resultant behavioral response are related to human behavior, i.e. when a mouse exhibits freezing behavior to an unfamiliar and threatening cue, what is the human equivalent Or, similarly, what stimulus could one present to a rat to best model the anxiety-inducing-experience of... 

There is no good animal model for infection by HIV. The virus will infect several primates, but it does not produce active disease and it is not practical to use primates for propagation of the virus. The chimpanzee has been used in vaccine trials to determine whether neutralizing antibody is produced and whether the growth of the virus can be inhibited in vivo. More productive work has been done using the immunodeficiency viruses of the species (e.g., simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques, feline immunodeficiency virus in cats) to study pathogenesis and treatment of retroviral acquired immunodeficiencies. 

Suitable animal models of the disease are available in both rodents and primates. A progressive dopaminergic degeneration of substantia nigra neurons is the result of intrastriatal 6-OH-dopamine injection in rats, and MPTP causes a Parkinson-like syndrome in monkeys [12]. The availability of transgenic mice [13] based on a-synuclein further expands the experimental options. 

The website continues, "The use of animal models to study neuro-developmental disorders has also been expanding, particularly here at UC Davis, which has schools of medicine and veterinary medieine, as well as a primate research center. Monkeys and other nonhuman primates have brains organized comparable to humans, making them ideal research models for the study of neuro-developmental disorders."... 

Knecht EA, Moorman WJ, Clark JC, et al Pulmonary reactivity to vanadium pentoxide following subchronic inhalation exposure in a non-human primate animal model. J Appl Toxicol 12 427-434, 1992... 

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