Research model

Hurst, N. W., Bellamy, L. J., Wright, M. S. (1992). Research Models of Safety Management of Onshore Major Hazards and Their Application to Offshore Safety. Proceedings of a Conference on Major Hazards Onshore and Offshore. IChemE Symposium Series No. 130. Rugby, UK Institution of Chemical Engineers. 

These considerations, aiong with the fact that this parameter is hardly mentioned in any availabie table, have led several authors to research models that incorporate estimations of limits of inflammability. 

At the present time there is no universally accepted research model and thus, in spite of the large number of studies carried out over the past 30 years, the lack of a single conceptual held that is common to all of them makes it difficult to compare their findings and in fact on many occasions the results from these studies even contradict one another. 

Focusing on validation process of in vitro methods, it is possible to underline some differences between tools for research and ones for toxicological testing. A research model is validated when there are some specific evidences confirming that the information from the model is able to correctly describe the process in the intact animal. Tools for toxicity testing are often used to evaluate safety hypothesis so they can be used without requiring in vivo confirmation. They are validated using a subset of well-known materials and, once validated, systems will be applied to new unknown materials or mixtures in order to evaluate their toxicity and compare their potential with other chemicals. 

Table I describes the resins that were evaluated. Films of the resins were applied to topographic substrates by spin coating from concentrated solutions of the resins in volatile spinning solvents using a Headway Research Model EC101 spin coater. After 2 minutes of spinning the coated substrates were transferred to a hot plate for baking. The temperature of the hotplate was measured with a surface thermometer.

The website continues, "The use of animal models to study neuro-developmental disorders has also been expanding, particularly here at UC Davis, which has schools of medicine and veterinary medieine, as well as a primate research center. Monkeys and other nonhuman primates have brains organized comparable to humans, making them ideal research models for the study of neuro-developmental disorders."... 

Spex II, Model 1403) with 1800 grooves mm-i holographic gratings coupled to a photomultiplier (RCA) with associated electronics (EG G Princeton Applied Research, Model 1112). 

The medical benefit of mierogravity tissue and culture engineering may lead lo new research models in cellular and molecular biology. These studies also are developing new tissues for potential transplant operations. 

Figure 14.6 Cross-sectional views of (a) the EG G Princeton Applied Research model 303A SMDE (b) Metrohm s electrode, featuring a needle valve and small-bore capillary and (c) the BAS controlled growth mercury electrode.

ARCUS (1998b). Toward Prediction of the Arctic System Predicting Future States of the Arctic System on Seasonal-to-Century Time Scales by Interacting Observations, Process Research, Modeling, and Assessment. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States, Fairbanks, Alaska, 54 pp. 

The meteoric rise in computer power (and meteoritic decline in hardware prices) has opened exciting avenues for computer modeling in all branches of science. Today, computer models are used in three main areas of catalysis research modeling of reaction pathways and catalytic cycles, modeling of process kinetics and reaction performance, and computing structure/activity relationships on various levels. The models cover a wide range of approaches and system types. 

Some empirical studies demonstrated that this research model was an acceptable initial tool in understanding travel motivation (Kim, 1997 Lee, 1998 Loker-Murphy, 1995 Mills, 1985). As Ryan (2002b 50) reports, the evidence was not always clear cut but at a descriptive level it has an obvious appeal. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the travel career ladder can be utilised as a blueprint for the design of motivational studies for special markets such as for ecotourists and for theme park patrons (Blayney, 1998 Pearce Rutledge, 1994). 

Corporate R D (CR D) is the foundation of our science efforts and has been responsible for most of our major product breakthroughs. CR D provides both leveraged scientific services to the corporation and long-term research activities. In the past two years, CR D has transitioned to an enhanced research model that has significant benefits to the corporation, including ... 

---