Animal feed industry, application

Cleansing-Agent and Personal-Care Industries Pharmaceutical Industry Animal-Feed Industry Analytical Applications... 

Vohra A, Satyanarayana T (2003) Phytases microbial sources, production, purification and potential biotechnological applications. Critic Rev Biotechnol 23(l) 29-60 Walsh GA, Powerr RE, Headon DR (1993) Enzymes in the animal-feed industry. TIBTECH 11 424 30... 

In the agriculture and animal feed industries NIR instruments, and in particular discrete filter instruments, have found the widest application in the analysis of grain and flour. Protein, moisture, hardness, and baking quality are all examples of analysis that have been performed by NIR instrumentation, both off- and online. Several countries, including the USA and Canada, have adopted NIR protein analysis as national standards to gauge the level of payment for wheat. The protein method was approved by the AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists) in 1983. 

Lysine is one of the important amino acids with respect to production volume and annual growth rates. The single largest application of lysine is in the animal feed industry as it is the limiting amino acid while optimizing the growth and production of lean meat in cattle and poultry. The normal quantity of lysine in conventional feed stuff is usually lower than that required by animals. The direct addition of lysine increases the protein content of the feed and lowers the use of high protein feed and hence lowers the ammonia content in the excreta. 

NIR reflectance spectroscopy has proved highly successful for routine quality control (QC) analysis in livestock animal by-products by the animal feed industry. It is applicable both to raw material and processed products. Knowledge of the mass, moisture (dry matter) content, and composition (e.g., crude protein, fat, fatty acids) of raw material allows prediction of energy requirements by the feed industry as well as helping in management decisions to meet the specifications for the output generated. 

Table 6.1 summarizes the uses of salt. Nearly half is consumed in the important electrolysis of brine to form two top 50 chemicals, sodium hydroxide and chlorine. One fourth is used on highways for deicing and competes with calcium chloride in this application. The food industry and animal feeds make up other important uses. Salt is surpassed only by phosphate rock in total production of all minerals. Its annual production is nearly 90 billion lb. 

For industrial applications, the group of fats and oils is one of the most important. Fats of vegetable and animal origin are used as food, feed, and for industrial proposes. At the beginning of the millennium, the ratio between food, feed, and industry use was 80 6 14. The increasing demand has increased the industrial use of oleocompounds, e.g., 54% of rapeseed oils were used in the year 2006 for industrial proposes. Worldwide, 144 million tons of fatty compounds were produced in 2008. 

The industrial nitrogen market includes all non-fertilizer applications including animal feed. Worldwide industrial uses in 1996 consumed an estimated 10.7 million tonnes of nitrogen and accounted for about 12% of total world nitrogen consumption35. 

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