Structure anilines

Figure 1 is a drawing of the supramolecular complexes between double helices of isosteviol with aniline (structure 94) or toluene and (V.iV-dimethylaniline (structure 95). 

Tixier et al. [4] have identified, synthesized, and assessed the toxicity of all transformation products of diuron. The bio assay they used was a bioluminescence inhibition test with the marine bacterium Vibrio fischert Since diuron does not exhibit any specific mode of toxic action towards bacteria, the QSAR analysis using a rescaled QSAR for Vibrio fischeri [42] only confirmed that diuron and all its metabolites with the exception of DCA (3,4-dichloroaniline) act as baseline toxicants (Table 3, for full names of metabolites see Fig. 4). However, DCA was 46-times more toxic than predicted with the baseline toxicity QSAR and almost two orders of magnitude more toxic than the parent compound. Such a specific mode of toxic action of a transformation product cannot easily be predicted unless toxicophores like the aniline structure present in DCA are considered as a signal. This is discussed in the conclusion section in more detail. 

An intriguing example of a structurally very simple self-replicating systems utilizes amidinium carboxylate salt bridges to enhance the catalytic condensation of an aniline structure with a benzaldehyde derivative (Figure IS). " Several structures with various substituents in para-position to the recognition sites have been investigated. For instance, autocatalysis was established in the formation of imine 14 from aniline 12 and aldehyde 13. Adding preformed template to the reaction mixture increased the initial rate of product formation, and the obtained experimental data was in accordance with the square root model. 

The major bonding environment remains unchanged for both standard and nanofibrous poly aniline structures. The presence of two bands in the vicinity of 1,500 cm and 1,600 cm is assigned to the nonsymmetric C6 ring stretching modes. The higher frequency vibration at 1,600 cm is for the quinoid rings, while... 

Rctrosynthetic path a corresponds to Pd-catalysed exo-trig cyclization of o-halo-JV-allylanilines. Path b involves the endo-trig cyclization of o-halo-JV-vinyl anilines. Path c is a structurally similar cyclization which can be effected photochemically in the absence of an o-substituent. Retrosynthetic path d involves intramolecular Friedel-Crafts oxyalkylation followed by aromatiz-ation. 

Wnte the structure of the product formed on reaction of aniline with each of the following... 

One of the largest molecules for which an structure has been obtained is aniline, shown... 

Numerous dyes structurally related to the safranines, such as the eurodines, e.g. (141), the indulines, e.g. (142), the nigrosines (143) and aniline black, a pigment of unknown structure used in the printing industry, are well known and a detailed account of their chemistry and applications has been presented (57HC(ll)l). 

Because of the structural requirements of the bielectrophile, fully aromatized heterocycles are usually not readily available by this procedure. The dithiocarbamate (159) reacted with oxalyl chloride to give the substituted thiazolidine-4,5-dione (160) (see Chapter 4.19), and the same reagent reacted with iV-alkylbenzamidine (161) at 100-140 °C to give the 1 -alkyl-2-phenylimidazole-4,5-dione (162) (see Chapter 4.08). Iminochlorides of oxalic acid also react with iV,iV-disubstituted thioureas in this case the 2-dialkylaminothiazolidine-2,4-dione bis-imides are obtained. Thiobenzamide generally forms linear adducts, but 2-thiazolines will form under suitable conditions (70TL3781). Phenyliminooxalic acid dichloride, prepared from oxalic acid, phosphorus pentachloride and aniline in benzene, likewise yielded thiazolidine derivatives on reaction with thioureas (71KGS471). 

The major aromatics (organics having at least one ring structure with six carbon atoms) manufactured include benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene. Other aromatics manufactured include phenol, chlorobenzene, styrene, phthalic and maleic anhydride, nitrobenzene, and aniline. Benzene is generally recovered from cracker streams at petrochemical plants and is used for the manufacture of phenol, styrene, aniline, nitrobenzene, sulfonated detergents, pesticides such as hexachlorobenzene, cyclohexane (an important intermediate in synthetic fiber manufacture), and caprolactam, used in the manufacture of nylon. Benzene is also used as a general purpose solvent. 

These Br nsted-type plots often seem to be scatter diagrams until the points are collated into groups related by specific structural features. Thus, p-nitrophenyl acetate gives four separate, but parallel, lines for reactions with pyridines, anilines, imidazoles, and oxygen nucleophiles.Figure 7-4 shows such a plot for the reaction of trans-cmmm c anhydride with primary and secondary aliphatic amines to give substituted cinnamamides.All of the primary amines without substituents on the a carbon (R-CHi-NHi) fall on a line of slope 0.62 cyclopentylamine also lies on this line. If this line is characteristic of normal behavior, most of the deviations become qualitatively explicable. The line drawn through the secondary amines (slope 1.98) connects amines with the structure R-CHi-NH-CHi-R. The different steric requirements in the acylation reaction and in the model process... 

These early contradictions were eventually resolved and led to the correction by Knorr of his initially proposed structure. While Conrad and Limpach described the reaction of aniline 1 with ethyl acetoacetate 5 which ultimately yielded 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (7) via initial reaction of the amine with the ketone, Knorr described... 

Dipole moment data have provided valuable information for the study of the tautomerism of compounds such as isonicotinic acid, pyrid-4-one, and ethyl acetoacetate, However, this method must be used with discretion since it can lead to inconclusive results. Thus, the fact that 4-aminopyridine has a higher dipole moment than the algebraic sum of the dipole moments of pyridine and aniline was originally interpreted as proof that structure 54 exists with a strong contribution from 36, and it was stated that 55 w ould have a very low moment. Later, Angyal and AngyaF pointed out that the... 

It is most difficult to nitrate isoxazole itself. 4-Nitroisoxazole (51) is formed only under strictly controlled conditions (35-40°C), and in but 3.5% yield. Its structure was proved by reaction with aniline (see Section V,A) to give nitrocyanoacetaldehyde anil (52). 

The low structural specificity in the local anesthetic sell cs is perhaps best illustrated by phenacalne (91), a local an-I -.lhetic that lacks not only the traditional ester or amide func-I ion but the basic aliphatic nitrogen as well. First prepared at I lie turn of the century, a more recent synthesis starts by con-ili iusation of p-ethoxyaniline with ethyl orthoacetate to afford I he imino ether (90), Reaction of that intermediate with a sec-I liil mole of the aniline results in a net displacement of ethanol, iiobably by an addition-elimination scheme. There is thus ob-I.lined the amidine, 91, phenacalne. 

Chamical Nama N-(2-Piperidinoethyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)aniline Common Nama Picoperamidine Structural Formula ... 

Aniline and other aromatic amines are valuable industrial raw materials. They form an important starting point from which many of our dyestuffs, medicinals, and other valuable products are prepared. For example, you have used the indicator, methyl orange, in your laboratory experiments. Methyl orange is an example of an anQine-derived dye, although it is used more as an acid-base indicator than for dyeing fabrics. The structure of methyl orange is as follows ... 

---