Angiogenesis Quantitation

Fox, S. B., Leek, R. D., Weekes, M. P., Whitehouse, R. M., Gatter, K. C., and Harris, A. L. 1995. Quantitation and prognostic value of breast cancer angiogenesis Comparison of microvessel density, chalkley count and computer image analysis. J. Pathol. 777 275-283. 

Andrade SP, Fan TP, Lewis GP. Quantitative in-vivo studies on angiogenesis in a rat sponge model. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 1987, 68, 755-766. 

Nguyen, M., Shing, Y. and FoUanan, J. (1994). Quantitation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Microvasc Res. 7, 31-40. 

Passaniti, A., Taylor, R. M., Pih, R., Guo, Y., Long, P. V, and Haney, J. A. (1992). A simple, quantitative method for assessing angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agents using reconstituted basement membrane, heparin, and fibroblast growth factor. Lab. Invest. 67, 519-528. 

Molecular imaging has also been used to measure general processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, hypoxia, or arteriosclerosis. As many diseases result in abnormalities of these processes (also named common denominators ), drug-based therapies aim at their modification. In other cases - such as the apoptosis of tumor cells - a change in this process is a desired therapeutic effect. For these reasons, quantitative measurement of the status of these processes may represent potential biomarkers of drug efficacy. 

There are several in vivo assay models for angiogenesis, including the shell-less chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, the cornea assay, and the endothelial cell assay. The CAM assay is most frequently used assay method because it is easy to use and less costly. In this assay, an inhibitor s effect on the shell-less chicken embryo culture can be observed directly, although quantitating the result is subjective. The mouse cornea assay is widely favored because the cornea is an avascular tissue, any blood vessel development unequivocally demonstrates the lack of antiangiogensis activity [77-79]. However, all of these in vivo assay... 

Funahashi, Y. et al., Establishment of a quantitative mouse dorsal air sac model and its application to evaluate a new angiogenesis inhibitor, Oncol. Res., 11, 319, 1999. 

Grischke EM, Kaufmann M, Eberlein-Gonska M, Mattfeld T, Sohn Ch, Bastert G (1994) Angiogenesis as a diagnostic factor in primary breast cancer Microvessel quantitation by stereological methods and correlation with color Doppler sonography. Onkologie 17 35-42... 

Goh V, Halligan S, Bartram Cl (2007) Quantitative tumor perfusion assessment with multidetector CT are measurements from two commercial software packages interchangeable Radiology 242 777-782 Goh V, Padhani AR, Rasheed S (2007) Functional imaging of colorectal cancer angiogenesis. Lancet Oncol 8 245-255... 

Brey, E. M., Mcintire, L. V., Johnston, C. M., Reece, G. R, and Patrick, C. W., Jr. 2004. Three-dimensional, quantitative analysis of desmin and smooth muscle alpha actin expression during angiogenesis. Ann BiomedEng, 32,1100-7. 

---