Anesthesia INDEX

Cohen PJ, Chance B. 1986. Is chemiluminescence an index of hepatic lipoperoxidation accompan5mg chloroform anesthesia Biochim Biophys Acta 884 517-519. 

White PF et al Does the use of electroencephalographic bispectral index or auditory evoked potential index monitoring facilitate recovery after desflurane anesthesia in the ambulatory setting Anesthesiology 2004 100 811. [PMID 15087615]... 

It has also been suggested that terlipressin has vasoconstrictor activity within the splanchnic vascular territory (21). Hypotension developed under general anesthesia in 32 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy treated with renin-angiotensin inhibitors (22). They were randomized to received terlipressin 1 mg (n = 16) or noradrenaline infusion. Compared with baseline those who received terlipressin had reduced gastric mucosal perfusion for at least 4 hours. There was also reduced oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption index at 30 minutes and 4 hours in those who received terlipressin. 

After a 24 h starvation period groups of 8-10 rats weighing 150-200 g are used. The candidate compound is administered orally in 0.1 % Tween 80 solution. Six hours later, the rats are sacrificed in CO2 anesthesia and their stomachs and intestines are removed. The stomach and gastrointestinal tract are removed. The mucosa is examined with a stereomicroscope and examined and assessed in relation to an ulceration index. The number of ulcers is noted and the severity recorded with the following scores ... 

Krantz et al. (1941,1953) described an anesthetic index between surgical anesthesia (cornea and wink reflexes abolished) and respiratory failure in dogs. 

In 113 patients undergoing general anesthesia, intravenous midazolam 15 mg slowed recovery of the twitch height after vecuronium and atracurium compared with diazepam. The recovery index was not altered (162). However, in another study in 20 patients, midazolam 0.3 mg/kg did not affect the duration of blockade, recovery time, intensity of fasciculations, or adequacy of relaxation for tracheal intubation produced by suxamethonium 1 mg/kg, nor the duration of blockade and adequacy of relaxation for tracheal intubation produced by pancuronium 0.025 mg/kg in incremental doses until 99% depression of muscle-twitch tension was obtained (161). Furthermore, in 60 patients undergoing maintenance anesthesia randomly assigned to one of six regimens (etomidate, fentanyl, midazolam, propofol, thiopental plus nitrous oxide, or isoflurane plus nitrous oxide), midazolam did not alter rocuronium dosage requirements (165). 

A 36-year-old man with a pheochromocytoma underwent adrenalectomy. After induction of anesthesia he was given intravenous labetalol 30 mg, and after intubation his blood pressure rose from 147/85 to 247/ 150 mmHg, his systemic vascular resistance index rose from 1958 to 3458 dyn sec m cm, and his cardiac index fell to 3.6 1 min m. During tumor resection, he was given sodium nitroprusside to reduce his blood pressure. After tumor resection, his blood pressure fell to 77/52 mmHg and his systemic vascular resistance index to 1635 dyn sec m cm. His blood pressure was effectively controlled with dobutamine. 

The effects of giving calcium chloride 10 mg/kg after induction of anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and pancuronium have been investigated in 58 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bjq)ass grafting (16). Calcium chloride reduced the fall in arterial blood pressure and prevented the reductions in heart rate, stroke volume index, cardiac index, and cardiac output, compared with placebo. Propofol reduces the availabihty of calcium to the myocardial cells, and calcium chloride effectively minimizes the hemodynamic effects of... 

The method described by Hirsch et al. (H4) uses intact male rats previously maintained on a low-calcium diet for 4 days. Standard and unknown preparations are injected subcutaneously into parallel groups of test animals, and after 1 hour blood samples are collected by cardiac puncture under ether anesthesia. The plasma calcium levels are measured, and the relative potencies of the preparations are calculated by standard statistical procedures. The mean index of precision of ten consecutive assays was reported as 0.23 0.025. 

Administered orally or by skin absorption will cause death 50% of the time within 14 days. This can also be used as a crude index of biological activity or for an impact on the environment (Hushon et al., 1984, p. 95). Example LDjq for 1-2 dichloroethane for rats for 30-min exposure is 12,000 ppm. For humans, the critical anesthesia Umit is probably about 20,000 ppm. 

Mobile, flammable liquid, dj 0.7494 dj5 0,7356, bp)6, 38.8s. ntf 3 1 36019. Soly in water (25 ) 5 ml/100 ml H.O. Miscible with ale, ether. Absorbs some water, Oil/water coefficient 10 + I. Anesthetic index 2.5. Methyl propyl ether used for anesthesia usually contains 0.002 diphenyl-amine as stabilizer-... 

Properties Colorless clear volatile liq. or gas nearly odorless < 20% cone., faint sweet odor at high cones. sol. in alcohol, ether insol. in water m.w. 137.4 sp.gr. 1.494 (liq., 17.2 C) f.p. -111 C b.p. 23.7 C ref. index 1.379 surf. tens. 18 dynes/cm dielec, const. 2.303 noncombustible Toxicology ACGIH TLV/CL 1000 ppm LD50 (IP, mouse) 1743 mg/kg TDLo (inh., human, 30 min) 50,000 ppm poison by inh. mod. toxic by IP route human systemic effects CNS effects > 1% cone. can cause narcosis and anesthesia in humans severe exposure can cause nausea, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, cardiac arrest, death TSCA listed Precaution Incompat. with reactive metals, e.g., powd. aluminum, sodium, potassium (can react violently), lithium (can detonate)... 

In a comparison of the effects of phenylephrine 2 micrograms/kg (n = 17) and ephed-rine 0.1 mg/kg (n=17) during combined general and epidural anesthesia, bispectral index in those who received ephedrine was significantly higher than in the control and phenylephrine groups [29 ]. 

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