Bispectral index

The target level of sedation will be patient dependant ° Bispectral index monitoring may be of some value in patients who are deeply sedated... 

Physostigmine reverses propofol-induced unconsciousness and attenuation of the auditory steady state response and bispectral index in human volunteers. Anesthesiology 93, 708-17. 

White PF et al Does the use of electroencephalographic bispectral index or auditory evoked potential index monitoring facilitate recovery after desflurane anesthesia in the ambulatory setting Anesthesiology 2004 100 811. [PMID 15087615]... 

Nelskyla KA, Yh-Hankala AM, Puro PH, Korttila KT. Sevoflurane titration using bispectral index decreases postoperative vomiting in phase II recovery after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2001 93(5) 1165-9. 

Intra-operative intravenous atenolol given in 5-mg stepwise doses (median dose 20 mg range 10 to 80 mg) was found to reduce the isoflurane requirement by about 40% without affecting the bispectral index (BIS a predictor of the depth of anaesthesia). Patients also received on average 21% less fentanyl compared with control patients who were not given atenolol. ... 

Berkenstadt H, Loebstein R, Faibishenko I, Halkin H, Keidan I, Perel A, Effect of a single dose of esmolol on the bispectral index scale (BIS) during propofol/fentanyl anaesthesia, Br JAnaesth (2002) 89, 509-11,... 

A study in 20 patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia with tetracaine found that propofol sedation (as measured by bispectral index monitoring (BIS)) was enhanced when adrenaline was added to the intrathecal tetracaine." A study in sheep found that adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine decreased propofol concentrations during a continuous propofol infusion, with the result that propofol anaesthesia was reversed. This was thought to be due to increased first pass clearance of propofol secondary to increased cardiac output. It was concluded that this could be of clinical importance if propofol is used in hyperdynamic circulatory conditions induced by either catecholamine infusions or disease states such as sepsis. ... 

Yotsui T, Kitamura A, Ogawa R. Addition of epinephrine to inttathecal tetracaine augments depression of the bispectral index during intraoperative propofol sedation. J Anesth (2004) 18, 147-50. 

Bouillon TW, Bruhn J, Radulescu L, Andresen C, Shafer TJ, Cohane C, Shafer L. Miarma-codynamic interaction between propofol and remifentanil regardii hypnosis, tolerance of laryngoscopy, bispectral index and electroencephalographic approximate txtSropy.Ams si-... 

Memi D, Turan A, Karamanlio u B, OguzhanN, I uk9u Z. Comparison of sufentanil with sufentanil plus magnesium sulphate for sedatioi in the intensive care unit usii bispectral index Crit Care (2003) 7, R123-Rl 28. 

Turan A, Kasuya Y, Govinda R, Obal D, Rauch S, Dalton JE, Ak a O, Sessler DI. The effect of aminophylline on loss of consciousness, bispectral index, propofol requirement, and minimum alveolar... 

In a comparison of the effects of phenylephrine 2 micrograms/kg (n = 17) and ephed-rine 0.1 mg/kg (n=17) during combined general and epidural anesthesia, bispectral index in those who received ephedrine was significantly higher than in the control and phenylephrine groups [29 ]. 

Ishiyama T, Oguchi T, lijima T, Matsukawa T, Kashimoto S, Kumazawa T. Ephedrine, but not phenylephrine, increases bispectral index values during combined general and epidural anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2003 97(3) 780-4. 

Moller Petrun A, Kamenik M. Bispectral index-guided induction of general anaesthesia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery using propofol or etomidate a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Br J Anaesth 2013 110 388-96. 

Sasaki T, Tanabe S, Azuma M, Sato A, Naruke A, Ishido K, et al. Propofol sedation with bispectral index monitoring is useful for endoscopic submucosal dissection a randomized prospective phase 11 clinical trial. Endoscopy 2012 44 584-9. 

Wang T, Ge S, Xiong W, Zhou P, Gang J, Xue Z. Effects of different loading doses of dexmedetomidine on bispectral index under stepwise propofol target-controUed infusion. Pharmacology 2013 91 1-6. 

Altermatt FR, Bugedo DA, Delfino AE, Solari S, Guerra I, Munoz HR, et al. Evaluation of the effect of intravenous Udocaine on propofol requirements during total intravenous anaesthesia as measured by bispectral index. Br J Anaesth 2012 108 979-83. 

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