Androgenic action

Kwan, M., Greenleaf, W. J., Mann, J., Crapo, L., and Davidson, J. M. 1983. The nature of androgen action on male sexuality a combined laboratory self-report study on hypogonadal men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 57 557—562. 

Anabolics are testosterone derivatives (e.g., clostebol, metenolone, nan-drolone, stanozolol) that are used in debilitated patients, and misused by athletes, because of their protein anabolic effect. They act via stimulation of androgen receptors and, thus, also display androgenic actions (e.g., virilization in females, suppression of spermatogenesis). 

DISORDERS OF ANDROGEN ACTION PRODUCE FEMINIZATION IN MALES... 

Steroid Sa-reductase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes decreased conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and decreased androgen action that is particularly critical during sexual development. 

Luke MC and Coffey DS. The male sex accessory tissues structure, androgen action, and physiology. In Knobil F and Neill JD (eds.). The Physiology of Reproduction. Vol. 1. New York Raven, 1994 1435. 

G. H. Rasmussen (1986). Chemical control of androgen action. Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 21 179-188. 

Non-steroidal drug having specific antiandrogen activity. Active metabolite, 2-hydroxyflutamide competitively blocks androgen action on accessory sex organs and pituitary. It leads to increased LH secretion by blocking feedback inhibition. It is used in advanced carcinoma prostate, female hirsutism. 

Zouboulis CC, Degitz K. Androgen action on human skin—from basic research to clinical significance. Exp Dermatol 2004 13(Suppl 4) 5-10. 

The realization that 5a-reductase plays an important role in androgen action began in the early 1960s, when DHT was demonstrated to be a more potent androgen than testosterone in bioassays in the prostate... 

Research on the prostate of several species, including the human, continues at a high intensity to find explanations for the high incidence of hypertrophy and hyperplastic adenoma in the dog and human glands. This important aspect of androgen action has recently been reviewed in detail elsewhere [49]. 

Androgen receptor aberrations in structure or content may modify androgen action and in the prostate may lead to an increase in cancer. It is proposed that a disequilibrium in the CAG repeat lengths in the transactivation domain of the AR gene may be involved in the development of prostate cancer (S21). Other aberrations which can be involved in the progression of tumors from an... 

M31. Mulder, E., van Loon, D., de Boer, W., Schuurmans, A. L., Bolt., J., et al., Mechanism of androgen action recent observations on the domain structure of androgen receptors and the induction of EGF-receptors by androgens in prostate tumor cells. J. Steroid Biochem. 32,151—156 (1989). 

An alternative treatment for endometriosis is danazol. Danazol is a modified progestogen which inhibits production of gonadotrophin it combines androgenic actions with anti-oestrogenic and antiprogestogenic activity. 

Androgens are effective protein anabolic agents, but their clinical use for this purpose is limited by the amount of virilisation that women will tolerate. Attempts made to separate anabolic from androgenic action have been only partially successful and... 

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