Anaphylactic mediator release

Adcock JJ, Garland LG, Moncada S, Salmon JA (1978) The mechanism of enhancement by fatty acid hydroperoxides of anaphylactic mediator release. Prostaglandins 16 179-189... 

Adcock JJ, Garland U, Moncada S and Salition JA Enhancement of anaphylactic mediator release frcm guinea pig perfused lung by fatty acid hydroperoxides. VKo tagtanduM 16 163-178, 1978. 

Contrary to other elicitors of non-immune anaphylactic reactions (radiocontrast media, neuromuscular blocking agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) where there are at least hypothetical concepts regarding the pathomecha-nism of these reactions via increased mediator release (e.g. histamine release, shift in arachidonic acid metabolism from prostaglandins towards leukotrienes, etc.) [26], there is almost no literature regarding the pathomechanism of these reactions after LA application. 

Botnnn pi 1= [143] analyzed possible noniinmysologicsl mechanisms involved in the release of anaphylactic mediators like histamine using rat mast cells. They were able to show that there was some release upon incubation of... 

Several clinical trials have shown ketotifen HC-20-511 (27) to be an effective antiasthmatic compound and in fact the compound has been marketed in several European countries.in addition to having anti-anaphylactic properties, 21 is also a potent long acting H, receptor antagonist.Ketotifen has also been shown to inhibit c-AMP phosphodiesterase. Oxatomide (2g) presumably inhibits mediator release from mast cells 9 and demonstrates non-competltlve antlhlstamlnic actlvlty. j5l In a large clinical trial, 28 was effective in allergic rhinitis. 

The antiallergy activity of the pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines was determined using the 48-hour IgE-mediated rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) procedure (6,2), which is widely used as a screen to identify agents with a pharmacological profile similar to intal. The compounds were administered to groups of 5 to 7 rats either intravenously in saline at pH 7.2-8.0 or orally in an aqueous solution near physiological pH (fi). Since these compounds did not demonstrate antagonism toward the anaphylactic mediators, histamine and serotonin, their activity is an indication of inhibition of mediator release. 

Chrysotherapy has been used for arthritis and some related diseases, and reports exist of some value in asthma. SK F-39162 appears to be a specific inhibitor of anaphylactic histamine release in reaginlcally sensitized animals. Yet the compound has no direct antagonism to known mediators. It is not known whether this compound has the same liabilities of other gold salts in humans, such as kidney and skin lesions. 

Irritants and allergens activate sensory nerves directly or by the release of mediators from inflammatory cells. Although mast cells and basophils appear to have some capacity to release mediators on exposure to irritants, direct evidence of the physiological responses from irritant-induced mediator release is sparse. It is a very attractive hypothesis that this type of nonimmune activation of inflammatory cells releases mediators of the anaphylactic responses to constitute an amplification mechanism contributing to the increase in morbidity and mortality in persons with compromised cardiopulmonary function or hyperresponsiveness to irritants and allergens. 

Allergy. Figure 1 Type I Anaphylactic Reaction IgE-bearing mast cells are activated by allergens to release mediators of acute allergic reactions. 

The most serious acute Type I reaction is the generalized reaction, the anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock results from a generalized release of mediators from mast cells and basophils. The clinical symptoms are manifested predominantly in... 

Anaphylactoid An anaphylactic-like reaction, similar in signs and symptoms, but not mediated by IgE. A drug causing this reaction produces direct release of inflammatory mediators by a pharmacologic effect. 

I immediate Soluble Clonal expansion B cells Cyto-philic antibody (IgE) generated binds to mast cells Antigen binds to cell bound antibody crosslinks receptors, causing release of mediators Anaphylactic response to bee sting immediate response in allergic asthma... 

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