Analytical Cost efficiency

Polymer/additive analysis is a typical industrial analytical problem, and indeed not one of the easiest or least important ones. Requirements set to industrial analytical expertise vary from new analytical approaches for product innovation, to service-oriented problem solving (combination of analytical expertise and specific product knowledge), and cost-efficient analysis of a few grades (plant service) (Scheme 10.1). Reported prospects set the instrumental trends in the polymer industry (Table 10.17). For traditional quality laboratories this translates into ... 

Based on this background new sampling and analytical methods have been tested in northern Finland to seek new applications for exploration by using surficial till as a sample material with emphasis on decreasing analytical costs and increasing sample efficiency. This study was carried out as a part of ongoing Au, Ni and PGE exploration project of the Geological Survey of Finland. 

Laboratory investigations play an essential role in medicine. Laboratory results are taken into consideration in about two thirds of all medical decisions in medical systems of industrialized countries today. The vast majority of clinical chemistry analyses are based on few analytical principles including photometry, ligand binding assays and potentiometry. For these standard methods complete automation has been achieved and multi-channel, random access analyzers realize several hundred analyses per instrument and hour on a very high level of user-friendliness. Consequently, clinical chemistry is very cost efficient today typically clinical chemistry analyses contribute less than 5 % of all costs of tertiary care hospitals. 

This process starts with the Secretariat requesting Member States to contribute analytical data on a mutually agreed basis in the most cost-efficient way. More than 90 % of the analytical data in OCAD has been contributed free of charge to the Secretariat. These analytical data are validated before they are proposed for incorporation into the OCAD. Once a batch of analytical data has been technically validated, approval is obtained from the Member States for the incorporation of these spectra into the OCAD. 

One could argue that, although it is true that the analytical instruments developed during the 1940s and 1950s were more cost efficient, required less skiU to operate, and promoted standardization of data collection and presentation, this does not mean that they are more objective that is a distinct question. Consequently, there is nothing to learn about the concept of objectivity from noting its—accidental—connection with these other values. 

It is a continuous process, therefore very well suited for the application of process analytical technologies (PAT) within the context of the Quality by Design approach introduced by recent FDA guidelines [3,4], As a continuous process, it has a high reproducibility as well, being simpler and more cost-efficient than conventional formulation processes. 

Considering the highly advanced state of the microelectronics available and the associated data processing, chemical sensors or analytical microprobes to be included into such a microsystem will have to be compatible with these sophisticated microelectronic components That means only miniaturized microelectronic compatible chemical sensors or analytical microprobes produced by utilizing modern cost efficient miniaturization techniques, and in this way reaching the standards of the associated microelectronic data processing, as far as geometric dimensions, reliability, stability and production costs are concerned, can be considered for inclusion in such microsystems... 

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