Analysis Using Slurry Solution Method

The development of the Babington [10] cross flow nebuliser allowed samples containing high salt content and slurries (max. 20 pm) to be analysed with considerable ease. 

Slurry solutions can be nebulised and introduced as an aerosol to the plasma source similar to that for clear solutions and the solvent containing the particles also assists in transporting them for elemental analysis. Care must be taken in avoiding the tendency to form agglomerates and samples must be kept stirred or shaken using an ultrasonic bath prior to nebulisation. Samples of products containing very small particles, e.g. fillers in 

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The solid concentration profile, i.e. the height from the filter medium as a function of solid volume firaction concentration, is calculated in this spreadsheet. Equations (2.46) to (2.50) are used in the analysis. The spreadsheet uses the same method of solution as that described in the previous file, except that the original slurry height, or clearance, is included in cell E9 this provides the initial concentration profile which is referenced in cells E85 and E86. 

A single multielement calibration standard is used to establish a relative sensitivity factor (R.) for each analyte (i) to be determined in the multielement analysis. For solution analysis, this multielement standard is usually prepared from high-purity metal salts dissolved in deionized water, with sufficient nitric acid added to stabilize their concentrations (pH 2 or less). Because this is only a semiquantitative analysis, matrix matching of the calibration standard to the matrix of the sample is not required. When using solid analysis techniques (i.e., slurry nebulization, laser ablation, etc.), an appropriate solid phase multielement calibration standard is most desirable however, novel approaches for the use of a solution standard have been used with some methods. 

The methods that generally are used to remove volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from biological samples for analysis are applicable to chlorobenzene. These include headspace analysis, purge-and-trap (gas stripping) collection from aqueous solutions or slurry samples, solvent extraction, and direct collection on resins. Headspace analysis offers speed, simplicity, and good reproducibility for a particular type of sample. However, partitioning of the analyte between the headspace and the sample matrix is dependent upon the nature of the matrix and must be determined separately for different kinds of matrices (Walters 1986). 

Slurries, distribution of fine particles in a liquid, may be analyzed rather than clear solutions. Graphite furnace atomic absorbance analysis is particularly suited to this method. Slurries have also been introduced into ICP-AES and ICP-MS instruments. There are both advantages and concerns when slurries are used. The preparation is simple, so contamination can be... 

A possible way to increase the accuracy of this immersion approach is to use the slurry method and to analyse a weighed sample of the slurry in the bottom of the test-tube, instead of analysing the supernatant (Nunn etal., 1981). One then simply makes use of Equation (5.49), the operational expression of the relative surface excess of the solute with respect to the solvent. Here n1 and n2 are the total amounts of solute and solvent in the sample of slurry (either adsorbed or in solution) and c[ and c their concentrations in the solution. If one uses a liquid-solid ratio large enough to avoid any measurable change in concentration on adsorption, then c and c are simply the concentrations in the starting solution. The measurement is accurate provided the quantitative analysis of the slurry, which involves measuring the total amounts of 2 and 1... 

Analysis of Solids with Electrothermal Atomizers In most methods based on electrothermal atomizers, samples are introduced as solutions. Several reports, however, have described the use of this type of atomizer for the direct analysis of solid samples. One way of performing such measurements is to weigh the finely ground sample into a graphite boat and insert the boat into the furnace manually. A second way is to prepare a slurry of the powdered sample by ultrasonic agitation in an aqueous medium. The slurry is then pipetted into the furnace for atomization. ... 

If a normal chromatographic column, as shown in Fig. 4,is employed a uniform distribution of samples throughout the voids will take an unpractically long time. Two different solutions for this problem have been offered. The first of them employs a construction similar to the stirred batch enzyme reactors used in the analysis of immobilized enzymes (ref. 35,37). In that mode, an open chromatographic column containing appropriate gel slurry is stirred continuously (ref. 35). The apparent advantages of this method are its simple construction, short equilibration and lack of need of special sanpling port. Equilibration times of about 10 minutes are sufficient with the apparatus (ref. 

The nonvolatile organic compounds that remain in the UOC after the milling process can help identify the type of purification and preconcentration methods that were used (Kennedy et al. 2012). A solution of 20 80 methanobwater with internal deuterated hydrocarbon standards was used to extract the organic compounds from a slurry of UOC and analysis was carried out with a GC-MS. As expected, di-octylamine, tri-isooctylamine, and alamine 336 were found in a UOC sample that was processed with amines. 

Analysis of Reagent Purity addition of aqueous ammonium chloride gives >95% conversion to 1-trimethylsilylpropyne. Preparative Method a solution of l-lithio-3-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne containing MMlV W -tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) in ether or THF is added to a slurry of copper(I) iodide in ether at —78°C, then warmed to — 10°C and used immediately. ... 

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