Analysis of phenols

WATERMAN p G and MOLE s (199 A) Analysis of phenolic plant metabolites, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications. 

Paganga, G. et al.. The polyphenolic content of fruit and vegetables and their antioxidant activities what does a serving constitute Free Radical Res., 30, 153, 1999. Maatta, K.R. et al.. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds in berries with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (MS) detection Rihes species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6736, 2003. 

Swain, T. and Hillis, W.E., The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. 1. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents, J. Set Food Agric., 10, 63, 1959. 

Gomez-Caravaca, A. M., Gomez-Romero, M., Arraez-Roman, D., Segura-Carretero, A., and Fernandez-Gutierrez, A. (2006). Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees. /. Pharmuceut. Biomed. Anal. 41,1220-1234. 

Plastic foils used for wrapping TLC plates were once reported to contain amides of oleic, stearic, or palmitic acid as antiblocking agents which may migrate from the wrapping material [28]. Similarly, Amos [447] has encountered interferences from contaminants in solvents in the TLC analysis of phenolic AOs in turbine oils. 

The allelopathic effects of dominant plants on other plants in phytocoenosis are caused by phenolic phytotoxins present in all parts of plants, but the highest amount of these compounds is accumulated in the leaves. Leaves of dominant trees represent the main components of the litter in the forest, thus analysis of phenolic compounds and measurements of their content in leaves and leaf litter is considered as very important. 

Canini A, Alesiani D, D Arcangelo G and Tagliatesta P. 2007. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of phenolic compounds from Carica papaya L. leaf. J Food Comp Anal 20 584-590. 

Mass spectrometry applied to characterization of phenolic compounds has been widely reviewed (Fulcrand and others 2008 Harnly and others 2007 de Rijke and others 2006 Prasain and others 2004). Therefore, here we describe the most common mass spectroscopic methods used for the analysis of phenolic compounds. 

Ibern-Gomez M, Andres-Lacueva C, Lamuela-Raventos RM and Waterhouse AL. 2002. Rapid HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds in red wines. Am J Enol Vitic 53(3) 218—221. 

Im HW, Suh BS, Lee SU, Kozukue N, Ohnisi-Kameyama M, Levin CE and Friedman M. 2008. Analysis of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in potato plant flowers, leaves, stems, and tubers and in home-processed potatoes. J Agric Food Chem 56(9) 3341-3349. 

Tomas-Barberan FA, Gil MI, Cremin P, Waterhouse AL, Hess-Pierce B and Kader AA. 2001. HPLC-DAD-ESIMS analysis of phenolic compounds in nectarines, peaches, and plums. J Agric Food Chem. 49(10) 4748 t760. 

While the major emphasis in the analysis of phenols in seawater has been on those compounds introduced by industrial processes, as much phenolic material is probably added by the disintegration of fixed algae in the intertidal regions. A high value for total phenols, particularly in coastal waters, cannot be interpreted simply as a high degree of industrial pollution the kinds of phenols present must also be ascertained. 

Hura T, Dubert F, Dabkowska T, Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz E, Stoklosa A, Lepiarczyk A (2006) Quantitative analysis of phenolics in selected crop species and biological activity of these compounds evaluated by sensitivity of Echinochloa crus-galli. Acta Physiol Plant 28 537-545... 

TGA analysis, of phenolic resins, 18 776 TGIC-cured powder coatings, 10 441 Thailand... 

V. Rastija, A. Mornar, I. Jasprica, G. Strecnik and M. Medic-Saric, Analysis of phenolic components in Croatian red wines by thin-layer chromatography. J. Plan. Chromatogr.—Mod. TLC 17 (2004) 26-31. 

M. Lopez, F. Martinez, C. Del Valle, C. Orte and M. Miro, Analysis of phenolic constituents of biological interest in red wines by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. ChromatogrA 922 (2001) 359-363. 

S. Perez-Magarino, I. Revilla, M.L. Gonzalez-SanJose and S.Beltran, Various applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis of phenolic compounds. J. Chromatogr.A, 847 (1999)75-81. 

Birkett AM, Jones GP, Muir JG. 1995. Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenol and/ -cresol in urine and feces. J Chromatogr 674 187-191. 

Bray HG, Thorpe WV. 1954. Analysis of phenolic compounds of interest in metabolism. Methods Biochem Anal 1 1-52. 

First Rules. The first probe tested was the trace analysis of phenols in wastewater. At this point, the knowledge base con-... 

Table 1. Influence of H2O2 on the analysis of phenol by gas chromatography (GC) [61] ...

Grymonpre, DR. An experimental and theoretical analysis of phenol degradation by pulsed corona discharge. PhD Thesis. Tallahassee Florida State University 2001. 

These two approaches were investigated by several gronps for the analysis of peptides and proteins [10,11,15,49-55] and for the analysis of phenolic antioxidants [24-26]. 

The development of HPLC techniqne led to an increase in the number of scientific papers dealing with phenolic evalnation in foods and, in the meantime, it also improved the nnmber and type of foods in which phenolic snbstances were evalnated. Despite the high number of scientific papers, HPLC analysis of phenolic snbstances, except for wine and tocopherols in fats and oils, has never became an official method of analysis, so the nnmber of scientific papers has ever more increased. 

Moree- Testa, P., M. Donzel, M. H. Bergerol, and M. M. Luzinier. Determination of pyridinic and pyrazinic compounds in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Ann Tab Sect 1974 1(12) 27. Richter, M. Composition of essential oils in tobacco. III. Analysis of phenolic fraction. Ber Inst Tabakforsch (Dresden) 1974 21 52. 

Waterman, P.G. and Mole, S., Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites, Blackwell, Oxford, 1994. 

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