Analgesics salicylic acid

Gently warm this mixture for about fifteen seconds in a microwave oven on low power (50% power). Remove the container from the microwave and use your hands to waft any aroma from the top of the container toward your nose. At the end of the reaction, part of the acetylsali-cylic acid will separate from that molecule because of the acidic environment. The part that leaves becomes acetic acid, the active principle of vinegar, and the aroma will eventually be detected by your nose. Once the acetic acid has evaporated, the crystal residue will be the simpler analgesic, salicylic acid. All solids can be disposed of in the trash, and all liquids can be rinsed carefully down the toilet. 

Analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs Analgesics Salicylic acid, aspirin, caffeine, butalbarbitone, phenacetin, p-chloro-acetanilide, in a multi-component analgesic product Partition p Bondapak C18 0.01% aqueous ammonium carbonate/ acetonitrile (60 40)... 

Many pharmaceutical compounds contain chromophores that make them suitable for analysis by UV/Vis absorption. Products that have been analyzed in this fashion include antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, and analgesics. One example of the use of UV absorption is in determining the purity of aspirin tablets, for which the active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid. Salicylic acid, which is produced by the hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid, is an undesirable impurity in aspirin tablets, and should not be present at more than 0.01% w/w. Samples can be screened for unacceptable levels of salicylic acid by monitoring the absorbance at a wavelength of... 

Students determine the concentrations of caffeine, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and salicylic acid in several analgesic preparations using both CZE (70 mM borate buffer solution, UV detection at 210 nm) and HPLC (C18 column with 3% v/v acetic acid mixed with methanol as a mobile phase, UV detection at 254 nm). 

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory dmgs (NSAIDs) include, among the numerous agents of this class, aspirin (acetylsaflcyhc acid), the arylacetic acids indomethacin and sulindac, and the arylpropionic acids, (5)-(147) and (R)-(148) ibuprofen, (5)-(149) and (R)- (150), flurbiprofen naproxen (41), and fenoprofen (see Analgesics, antipyretics, and antiinflammatory agents Salicylic acid and related compounds). 

Some simple benzoates are also used as antiseptic agents. Salicylic acid esters are used as antibacterial agents and pain relievers. Analgesic balms, creams. 

The popularity of aspirin has led to the preparation of a liost of relatively simple derivatives in the hope of finding a ilrug that would be either superior in action or better tolerated. i alicylamide (5), for example, is sometimes prescribed for pa-I Lents allergic to aspirin. It should be noted, however, that I his agent is not as active as the parent compound as an antiinflammatory or analgesic agent. This may be related to the fact I hat salicylamide does not undergo conversion to salicylic acid i 11 the body. 

After oral administration, acetylsalicylic acid is rapidly and almost completely absorbed but in the intestinal mucosa it is partly deacetylated to salicylic acid, which also exhibits analgesic activity. The plasma half-life of acetylsalicylic acid is 15 min whereas that of salicylic acid, at low dosages of acetylsalicylic acid, is 2-3 h. Salicylic acid is eliminated more slowly when acetylsalicylic acid is administered at high dose rates because of saturation of the liver enzymes. The metabolites are mainly excreted via the kidney. 

The salicylates include aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and related drugp, such as magnesium salicylate and sodium salicylate. The salicylates have analgesic (relieves pain), antipyretic (reduces elevated body temperature), and anti-inflammatory effects. All the salicylates are similar in pharmacologic activity however, aspirin has a greater anti-inflammatory effect than the other salicylates. Specific salicylates are listed in the Summary Drug Table Nonnarcotic Analgesics Salicylates and Nonsalicylates. 

Internal Analgesic Panel (FDFA), on salicylic acid salts, 22 12 Internal bremsstrahlung, 21 309, 310t Internal combustion engines (ICEs), 13 854, 855-856... 

A simple compound to begin our presentation is acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, 7.44), the well-known analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug whose primary metabolite, salicylic acid (7.45), is also an anti-inflammatory agent but not an analgesic. Extensive kinetic data have been published on the chemical hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid as a function of temperature and... 

The analgesic aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, is an ester, hi this compound, the alcohol part is actually a phenol, salicylic acid. Aspirin is synthesized from salicylic acid by treatment with acetic anhydride. 

Salicin (42) Aspirin (44) Salicylic acid derivative Analgesic... 

An important class of compounds that have members from both prescription and over-the-counter drugs are those that relieve pain. Aspirin is a common type of analgesic. It is also an antipyretic, that is, it lowers abnormally high body temperatures. A third use is in reducing inflammation caused by rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis. Salicylic acid has been known for its analgesic properties since the early 1800s. Kolbe and... 

Anthranylic acid derivatives are direct structural analogs of salicylic acid derivatives. They possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and fever-reducing activity. They are similar to... 

Determination of various analgesic and antipyretic pharmaceuticals on reversed phase has included not only the analysis of serum levels of aspirin, salicylic acid and salicyluric acid using acidified acetonitrile (557), or methanol (338), but also suUinpyrazone under isocratic conditions (339), and 6-chloro-a-methylcarbazole-2-acetic acid (340). The polar thiol metabolites of acetaminophen were analyzed by RPC and the method was found to be superior to other chromatographic techniques used in this analysis (341). 

Methods for analysis of analgesics including salicylic acid and acetylsal-icylic acid (567) in combination with a variety of other active ingredients have been reported 068). Antipyrine and benzocaine in eir drops have been determined by RPC and the method was found to be four to. six times imiic lapul Ilian llic licsl allei native (569). Salicylic acid and benzoic acid haVe also been assayed in ointments (576). 

Although aspirin itself is pharmacologically active, it is rapidly hydrolyzed to salicylic acid after its absorption, and it is the salicylate anion that accounts for most of the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug. The superior analgesic activity of aspirin compared with sodium salicylate implies that aspirin has an intrinsic activity that is not totally explainable by its conversion to salicylic acid. Aspirin inhibits COX-1 to a much greater extent than COX-2 sodium salicylate is more selective for COX-1. This, combined with the ability of aspirin to acetylate proteins, might account for some of the therapeutic and toxicological differences between aspirin and the other salicylates. 

---