Analgesics external

Malays drink a decoction of the whole plant that is used to reduce fever. In Indonesia, the juice expressed from the pseudobulbs is used to assuage earache, and a paste of the pseudobulb is applied externally to lower blood pressure and reduce fever. The pharmacological potential of this plant is unexplored. Is the antipyretic and analgesic property of Acriopsis javanica linked to a dopaminergic effect ... 

Analgesic activity. Fruit essential oil, administered externally to adults, was active. Biological activity reported has been pa-... 

Benzocaine has been termed by the FDA as one of the most widely used and safest external analgesic and that the incidence of sensitivity of benzocaine is quite low. If s male genital desensitizing product has been termed as premature ejaculation remedy. Benzocaine when applied on the penis aids in temporarily slowing the onset of ejaculation. 

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC B. panctata Moench. She Gan (Blackberry lily, leopard lily) (root) Tectoridin.50 Antipyretic, antifungus, analgesic, detoxicant, stomachic. Externally for boils, cancer, contusions, swellings. 

FIGURE 17-3 T Schematic illustration of PCA spinal delivery. The catheter delivers the analgesic into either the epidural or intrathecal [subarachnoid] space. Catheters for long-term use are tunneled under the skin (dashed line) and can either be connected directly to an implanted PCA pump, or exit the anterior-lateral flank for connection to an external pump. 

PCA allows the patient to self-administer a small amount of analgesic medication on a relatively frequent basis. This technique has been used to administer drugs such as opioids and local anesthetics. PCA can often provide better pain control with smaller quantities of the drug and a lower incidence of side effects. The patient is allowed to self-administer a small dose of the drug by pressing a button that is connected to some type of pump. These PCA pumps vary in cost, level of sophistication, and location (external versus surgically implanted), but all pumps... 

The genus Achillea is distributed in temperature regions of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Europe and Asia. Achillea millefolium is a species frequently used in Europe and America alike. Many species of this genus are rich in essential oil, SQLs, and flavonoids. It is used internally as an antitussive agent and externally as an analgesic. 

It has been used as a mild expectorant and relieves gripping. Applied externally, camphor acts as a rubefacient and mild analgesic and is employed in liniments as a counter-irritant in fibrositis, neuralgia and similar conditions. Camphor has been administered as a solution in oil by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant, but there is little evidence of its value for this purpose (121-125). 

Camphor is employed externally as a rubefacient, mild analgesic, antipruritic, and counterirritant in commercially available products that contain 1.0-10% camphor. It is currently produced synthetically. It has a characteristic odor and a pungent aromatic taste. 

Otitis externa and otitis media are infections of the external and middle ear respectively and are treated with analgesics (see chapter 16) and antibiotics (see chapter 13). Table 22-2 contains commonly prescribed antibiotics for ear infections. 

Salicylic acid (1) is not employed internally as an analgesic due to its local irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. It is employed externally on the skin, where it exerts a slight antiseptic action and a marked keratolytic action. The latter property makes salicylic acid a beneficial agent in the local treatment of warts, corns, fungous infections, and certain forms of eczematoid dermatitis. Tissues cells swell, softer, and ultimately desquamate. Salicylic acid is applied as a 2 to 20% concentration in collodion, lotions, or ointments, and as a 10 to 40% concentration in plasters. Salicylic acid plaster is used for the destructive effect of salicylic acid on hardened, keratinized tissue. The so-called corn plaster are typical. 

Little is known about the mechanism of inflammatory pain. Kelly has discussed the question of pressure on nerves. The accumulation of exudate in an abscess leads to pain which is immediately relieved when the abscess is incised. On the other hand, greater tension exists in tissues affected by angioneurotic oedema although no pain is produced. It is known that externally-applied pressure, insufficient to elicit pain in normal tissue, causes pain in an inflamed area. Randall and Selitto used this hyperalgesic state as the basis for their now widely used test for analgesic drugs. 

It is found in Japan, the Korean peninsula, and China. Another name for this plant is kujin, which literally means the bitter root. The Chinese characters for this plant also point to the fact that althongh this root may taste bitter, it has snperior medicinal qualities. The roots of this species are commercially available as the generic Kosam in Korea, and it has been apphed freqnently in folk medicine as an antipyretic, analgesic, anthelmintic, and a stomachic drag. Externally the root has been applied to treat rashes and a variety of other ailments. Although hitherto it has not found widespread application in cosmetic prodncts, it is used to a certain extent for its moisture-retention and disinfectant properties. ... 

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