Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Anaesthetics, local Alcohol

The p-substituted amino ketones can be reduced readily to the more stable P-dialkylamino alcohols, many of which are useful local anaesthetics. Thus the local anaesthetic Tutocaine is made from the Mannich base derived from formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and dimethylamine, followed by reduction and conversion into the p-aminobenzoate ... [Pg.911]

Blount and Robinson have extended this mode of synthesis to the preparation of iV-methyl/iomogranatonine (XXII) by the use of adipaldehyde, CHO. [CH2]4. CHO. The base, on reduetion with sodium in butyl aleohol, yields A -methyl/mmogranatoline (XXII CO — CHOH), the benzoyl derivative of which possesses marked local anaesthetic aetion. Similarly Blount, by eondensing /3-(o-formylphenyl)propaldehyde, CHO. CgH4. CHj. CHj. CHO, with methylamine and calcium acetonedicarboxylate, has prepared 8 9-benz-d - -feomogranatene-3-one (XXIII), which was reduced to the -alcohol (cf. reduction of tropinone to -tropine) and the latter converted to the benzoyl-derivative (m.p. 98°),... [Pg.61]

Suggest a synthesis of the local anaesthetic ambucaine (17). This time carry the analysis of the aromatic starting material further, for revision, Alcohol (18) is available (and is discussed in Chapter T 6). [Pg.39]

Benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH). This has antibacterial and weak local anaesthetic properties and is used as an antimicrobial preservative at a concentration of 2%, although its use in cosmetics is restricted. [Pg.213]

When we look at another tropane alkaloid, cocaine, we get a different scenario. Cocaine is obtained from the coca plant Erythroxylum coca, and is a powerfnl local anaesthetic, bnt now known primarily as a dmg of abuse. There is no chiral centre in the acid portion, which is benzoic acid, but the optical activity of cocaine comes from the alcohol methylecgonine. Because of the ester function in methylecgonine, the tropane system is no longer symmetrical, and the four chiral centres all contribute towards optical activity. [Pg.118]

It is antihistaminic agent having antiemetic, sedative, anticholinergic and local anaesthetic property. Used in anxiety, pruritus and dermatoses as an adjunct therapy in acute/ chronic alcoholism. [Pg.99]

Due to its local anaesthetic property it is used as obtundent agent. It can be used either alone or in combination of chloroform and ethyl alcohol in a 5 3 2 ratio. [Pg.414]

Medicinally, cocaine is of value as a local anaesthetic for topical application. It is rapidly absorbed by mucous membranes and paralyses peripheral ends of sensory nerves. This is achieved by blocking ion channels in neural membranes. It was widely used in dentistry, but has been replaced by safer drugs, though it still has applications in ophthalmic and ear, nose, and throat surgery. As a constituent of Brompton s cocktail (cocaine and heroin in sweetened alcohol) it is available to control pain in terminal cancer patients. It increases the overall analgesic effect, and its additional CNS stimulant properties counteract the sedation normally associated with heroin (see page 332). [Pg.303]

You already know that disconnections are the reverse of known reliable reactions so you should not make a disconnection unless you have such a reaction in mind. In designing a synthesis for the local anaesthetic benzocaine 1, we see an ester group and know that esters are reliably made from some derivative of an acid (here 2) and an alcohol (here ethanol). We should disconnect the C-0 ester bond. From now on we will usually write the reason for a disconnection or the name of the forward reaction above the arrow. [Pg.7]

Selectivity between two oxygen nucleophiles might sound more difficult but when one is an alcohol and the other a carboxylic acid, there is no problem. The local anaesthetic cyclomethy-caine 12 is obviously made from the carboxylic acid 13 and an amino-alcohol. The acid 13 is our concern. We disconnect the ether linkage 13a on the alkyl side so that the Sn2 reaction works. Chemoselectivity now arises as 15 has OH and CO2H functional groups. Which will act as a nucleophile ... [Pg.30]

Nerve compression can be relieved by local corticosteroid (prednisolone) or nerve block (local anaesthetic) nerve destruction can be achieved by alcohol, phenol. [Pg.328]

Some products are formulated as aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic liquids or gels. They tend to be diluted fairly rapidly and washed away from the site of application by saliva, requiring frequent reapplication. Pastilles or sore-throat lozenges containing a local anaesthetic, placed close up against lesions and allowed to dissolve slowly, may produce a more prolonged effect. [Pg.103]

Products containing combinations of constituents with local anaesthetic and analgesic effects, such as lidocaine, choline salicylate and phenol, counterirritants such as ammonia solution and menthol, and astringents such as zinc sulphate and tannic acid, are marketed to reduce discomfort and promote faster healing of sores while the infection takes its course. Some are formulated with alcoholic bases, which may have a drying effect on sores and speed up healing. The bland cream bases of some products may have a soothing effect. [Pg.171]

Local anaesthetics, administered hypodermically, include cocaine, novacaine, and stoveine, the first being extracted from the coca plant by alcohol acidified with a small quantity of sulphuric acid, and the two latter being synthetic products. [Pg.89]

Disconnections are the reverse of synthetic steps or reactions and we disconnect only when we have a reliable reaction in mind. In designing a synthesis of the local anaesthetic benzocaine (1) we know that esters are made from alcohols and acids so we can write a C-0 disconnection. Usually, disconnections will be labelled to show the reason for making them. [Pg.12]

The fl-substituted amino ketones can be reduced readily to the more stable P-dialkylamino alcohols, many of which are useful local anaesthetics. Thus the... [Pg.911]

Hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of esters and amides is a common pathway of drug metabolism. The liver microsomes contain non-specific esterases, as do other tissues and plasma. Hydrolysis of an ester results in the formation of an alcohol and an acid hydrolysis of an amide results in the formation of an amine and an acid. The ester procaine, a local anaesthetic, is rapidly hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases and, to a lesser extent, by hepatic microsomal esterase. An example of an amide which is hydrolysed, is the antiarrhythmic drug procainamide. Enalapril, a prodrug, is hydrolysed by esterases to the active metabolite enalapri-late, which inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme. [Pg.511]

Kava pyrones are potent, centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants. They act as hypnotics, antipyretics, sedatives, local anaesthetics, smooth muscle relaxants and antifungal agents. No interaction with benzodiazepine drugs or with moderate consumption of alcohol occurs, nor does kava impair mental alermess. However, continually chewing the root can destroy tooth enamel and eventually becomes habit forming (Bone 1994). [Pg.104]

Benzyl alcohol (see Fig. 23.20) has weak local anaesthetic properties in addition to its preservative activity and is sometimes used for that effect in preparations for intramuscular injection. However it should not be used in injections intended for children < 6 months (see Sect. 13.5.9) nor in injections intended for prematures or neonates. It also causes haemolysis in higher concentrations and dosages [3]. [Pg.495]

Benzyl alcohol (Fig. 5.4) has both antiseptic and mild local anaesthetic properties and is used in lotions and ointments for topical application. It is also used as a preservative in injection solutions. [Pg.79]


See other pages where Anaesthetics, local Alcohol is mentioned: [Pg.107]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.514]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.71]    [Pg.389]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.272]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.134]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.551]    [Pg.435]    [Pg.479]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.107 ]




SEARCH



Anaesthetics

Local anaesthetics

© 2024 chempedia.info