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Anaerobic metabolism conversion

Molecular hydrogen plays a major role on the oxidation-reduction processes involved in bacterial energetics, as well as in the degradation and conversion of biomass related with all major elemental cycles. Hydrogenase has a key role on this process and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of dihydrogen, important in bacterial anaerobic metabolism ... [Pg.388]

The anaerobic metabolism of phenol in T. aromatica is initiated by the ATP-dependent conversion of phenol to phenylphosphate catalyzed by phenylphosphate... [Pg.88]

The anaerobic metabolism of L-phenylalanine by Thauera aromatica under denitrifying conditions involves several steps that result in the formation of benzoyl-CoA (a) conversion to the CoA-ester by a ligase, (b) transamination to phenylacetyl-CoA, (c) a-oxidation to phenylglyoxalate, and (d) decarboxylation to benzoyl-CoA (Schneider et al. 1997). [Pg.436]

Loss of mitochondria will not only decrease the maximal exercise performance but, for any given level of exercise, aerobic generation of ATP will be insufficient, so that a greater proportion must be generated from anaerobic metabolism, i.e. glycogen conversion to lactic acid, so that muscle glycogen and pH are decreased which can result in fatigue (discussed in Chapter 13). [Pg.206]

Another report has provided more details from physical assessments and laboratory and radiological (MRI and MRS) data, and more information about the course of this heroin-related effect (21). The three cases showed raised concentrations of intracerebral lactate (reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction), which suggests a conversion of aerobic to anaerobic metabolism seen in hypoxic-ischemic conditions, including stroke. One patient recovered quite well after antioxidant therapy, supporting a metabolic effect of the heroin-related toxin a similar response to co-enzyme Q has been found in other mitochondrial disorders with a high CSF lactate. Thus, the authors recommended that although the role of antioxidant therapy in this condition is unclear, it may be prudent to administer oral co-enzyme Q supplemented with vitamins C and E to patients with this syndrome. [Pg.543]

Heterotrophic microorganisms 7,9 (some involved in 4, 6, 8). waters exposed to light sulfur springs. Ubiquitous. sulfur metabolism linked to energy fixation. Reaction 7 may take place anaerobically overall conversion to SO4 aerobic. [Pg.295]

TCA cycle. (tricarboxylic acid cycle Krebs cycle citric acid cycle). A series of enzymatic reactions occurring in living cells of aerobic organisms, the net result of which is the conversion of pyruvic acid, formed by anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates, into carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic intermediates are degraded by a combination of decarboxylation and dehydrogenation. It is the major terminal pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells. Recent research indicates that the TCA cycle may have predated life on earth and may have provided the pathway for formation of amino acids. [Pg.1207]

Reductive biotransformations of several compounds such as polyhalogenated, keto, nitro and azo derivatives, are catalysed by a variety of enzymes which differ according to the substrates and the species. The liver cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolizing system is capable of reducing Af-oxide, nitro and azo bonds, whereas the cytosolic nitrobenzene reductase activity is mainly due to cytochrome P-450 reductase, which transforms nitrobenzene into its hydroxylamino derivative. NADPH cytochrome c reductase is also able to catalyse the reduction of nitro compounds. These metabolic conversions may also be brought about by gastrointestinal anaerobic bacteria. [Pg.549]

How does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate take place in muscle There are two fates for pyruvate in anaerobic metabolism. The common outcome is reduction to lactate, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. NAD+ is recycled in the process. [Pg.516]

Studies of the anaerobic metabolism of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl by freshwater sediments have demonstrated that temperature not only influences rate but may also influence metabolic pathways. The metabolism of this PCB congener was monitored for 1 year in sediments (exposed or not exposed to PCBs) under anaerobic conditions at temperatures ranging from 4 to 66°C. Dechlorination steps are summarized in Figure 9.11 with the black arrows indicating reactions observed in the nonexposed sediment. All reactions were observed with the exposed sediment. Little if any reaction was detected at 4°C and at the higher temperatures (37°C and above in the nonexposed sediment and 37-45°C with the exposed sediment). However, from 50-60°C almost 90% conversion to the 2,4,6-CB was observed. An example of the differences reported is provided in Figure 9.12. At 15 and 20°C, the first step was the loss of m-chlorine to produce the 2,4,6-CB. However, at 15°C the production of the 2,4-CB is favored along with the 4-CB in contrast... [Pg.336]

The majority of sarcoplasmic proteins are enzymes participating in cell metabolism, such as the anaerobic energy conversion from glycogen to ATP. If the organelles within the muscle cells are broken, this protein fraction may also contain the metabolic enzymes localized inside the endoplas-matic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes. [Pg.77]

In the absenee of external electron acceptors, the hydrogen produced by fermentation will be utilized by methanogens (methane producing bacteria). In this case, the ultimate end products of anaerobic metabolism of carbon substrates will be CH4 (the most reduced form of carbon) and CO2 (the most oxidized form of carbon). Methanogens will carry out the last step in this metabolism, the conversion of H2 and CO2 into CH4. However, in the presence of external electron acceptors (halogenated organics, nitrate, sulfate, etc.), other products will be formed. ... [Pg.1584]

The formation of acetate was observed when lactate was added to a gel containing anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria providing evidence of the metabolic conversion of lactate to acetate. Encapsulated bacteria survive the gelation procedure and are able to continue normal metabolic activity within the gel matrix. This activity decreases with time but can be regenerated by immersion in nutrient solution, even after several weeks (Finnie, 2000). [Pg.496]

The process of glycolysis converts some, but not all, of the metabolic energy of the glucose molecule into ATP. The free energy change for the conversion of glucose to two molecules of lactate (the anaerobic route shown in Figure 19.1) is -183.6 kj/mol ... [Pg.610]

Both the synthesis of propionate and its metabolism may take place under anaerobic conditions. In Desulfobulbuspropionicum, degradation could plausibly take place by reversal of the steps used for its synthesis from acetate (Stams et al. 1984)—carboxylation of propionate to methylmalonate followed by coenzyme Bi2-mediated rearrangement to succinate, which then enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The converse decarboxylation of succinate to propionate has been observed in Propionigenium modestum (Schink and Pfennig 1982),... [Pg.319]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.180 ]




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