Amytal

Barbiturates (Veronal. Barbital, Luminal, Amytal), ethyl orthoformate, and other chemicals are produced commercially from sodium ethoxide. 

Rotenone is a common insecticide that strongly inhibits the NADH-UQ reductase. Rotenone is obtained from the roots of several species of plants. Tribes in certain parts of the world have made a practice of beating the roots of trees along riverbanks to release rotenone into the water, where it paralyzes fish and makes them easy prey. Ptericidin, Amytal, and other barbiturates, mercurial... 

Intermediate-acting (eg, amobarbital [Amytal], aprobarbital [Alurate], butabarbital [Butisol]). The average duration of action of die intermediate-acting barbiturates is 6 to 8 hours. 

Ansudoral (Basotherm)- Meteoxane (Gallier)- GB Amytal (Flynn)... 

Binoctal (Houde)-cotnb. Tcnsophoril (Synlab)- USA Amytal (Lilly)... 

Intermediate acting Amobarbital Amytal, Tuinal (with secobarbital)... 

The ultra-short-acting barbiturates include methohexital sodium (Brevi-tal) and thiopental sodium (Pentothal). These agents are used as anesthetics and are administered intravenously. Barbiturates with short-to-intermediate duration of action are used for their sedative-hypnotic effect in the treatment of anxiety. These medications include amobarbital (Amytal), butabarbital (Butisol), sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal), and secobarbital (Seconal). 

In rabbits under light amytal anesthesia, chlordan has no direcr effect on the blood pressure, but produces a type of respiration having many characteristics in common with Cheyne-Stokes type. The generalized tremors, opisthotonus, tonic and clonic convulsions, produced by chlordan were decreased or abolished and respiration restored to normal by suitable injections of the sodium salts of amytal, phenobarbital, and pentothal. The LD60 of chlordan, which was about 20 mg. per kg. on intravenous administration to intact rabbits, was increased to about 60 mg. per kg. through the antidotal action of the barbiturates. An unidentified chlorine-containing degradation product with acidic properties was recovered from the urine of rabbits treated with chlordan. Approximately one third of its chlorine content was set free on hydrolysis at 100° C. with sodium hydroxide in either absolute alcohol or in water. 

The effects of chlordan on the blood pressure and respiration of rabbits under sodium pentothal, in general, were characteristic of those obtained under sodium amytal and sodium phenobarbital, with some variation in intensity and length of duration. 

Between 1945 and 1960 the links between succinate, its dehydrogenase, NADH, and the cytochrome chain were aggressively reexamined by Slater, Chance, and David Green s groups. Slater used the well-established inhibitor approach (CO, CN", azide to block cytochrome oxidase, and BAL, antimycin A, and amytal to stop electron transfer from succinate or NADH to cytochrome c) to show... 

Many drugsbromides, morphine, cocaine, hashish, marijuana, mescaline, scopolamine, di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, ACTH, pervitin, sodium amytal, lysergic acid, reserpine and chlorpromazine are known to have marked effects on the mental processes of the individuals who receive them. These effects are varied and cannot be discussed here. Suffice it to say that some drugs produce symptoms which resemble those observed in mental disease others work in the opposite direction. There can be no doubt that enzyme systems are... 

Barbiturate Amobarbital Amytal Barbiturate receptor (GABAA)... 

Dr. Lincoln Clark, at the University of Oregon, for example, had published an article about this subject years earlier, in which he had tried sodium amytal (the popular notion of a truth serum), and various other drugs. It would appear that agents such as BZ and EA 3834 might challenge the conclusions drawn from Dr. Clark s experiments. (The CIA had already tried LSD for the same purpose and found they could not use it reliably to extract deliberately withheld information.)... 

Derivatives ofbarbiturie aeid viz., veronal, amytal, nembutal, luminal and seconal constitute an important class of tranquilizers. These derivatives are called barbiturates. Barbiturates are hypnotic, i.e., sleep producing agents. Some other substances used as tranquilizers are valium and serotonin. 

Delay, J., Pichot, P., Nicolas-Charles, P., Perse, J. Etude psychometnque des effets de I amobarbital (amytal) et de la chloipromazine sur des sujets normaux. Psychopharmacologia 1, 48-58, 1959. 

Barbiturate drugs like pentobarbital (Nembutal ), secobarbital (Seconal ), amobarbital (Amytal ), and phenobarbital are extremely potent sedatives that induce sleep, mostly non-REM sleep. However, barbiturates actually decrease the amount of REM sleep a person gets. Thus, if a person took a barbiturate as a sleep aid nightly for a week, the total amount of REM sleep would be significantly less than if he or she was not taking the drug. Then, when the person stopped taking the barbiturate, he or she would experience a severe REM... 

---