Di-isopropyl fluorophosphate

Streicher E. 1951. Toxicity of colchicine, di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, intocostrin, and potassium cyanide in mice at 4 degrees C. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 76 536-538. 

Many drugsbromides, morphine, cocaine, hashish, marijuana, mescaline, scopolamine, di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, ACTH, pervitin, sodium amytal, lysergic acid, reserpine and chlorpromazine are known to have marked effects on the mental processes of the individuals who receive them. These effects are varied and cannot be discussed here. Suffice it to say that some drugs produce symptoms which resemble those observed in mental disease others work in the opposite direction. There can be no doubt that enzyme systems are... 

In 1942 (Chapter 1) Dickinson s group tested di-methyl fluorophosphate and di-isopropyl fluorophosphate with respect to their retention by charcoals. The nerve gas, sarin, is close to being intermediate in structure between the two we worked with. 

Gnadt, J. W., Pegram, G. V., Baxter, J. F. (1985). The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate increases REM sleep in rats. P/tysioZogy and Behavior, 35, 911—916. 

Grob, D., Harvey, A.M., Langworthy, O.R. and Lilenthal, J.L. 1947. The administration of di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DEP) to man, HI. Effect on the central nervous system with special reference to the electrical activity of the brain. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 81 257-266. 

Squid nerve di-isopropyl fluorophosphate F Uchiyama et al. (1987 1988a)... 

Koelle GB. Protection of cholinesterase against irreversible inactivation by di-isopropyl fluorophosphate in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1946 88 232-237. 

Freedman AM, Willis A, Himwich HE. Correlation between signs of toxicity and cholinesterase level of brain and blood during recovery from di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) poisoning. Am J Physiol. 1948 157 80-87. 

Grob D, Lilienthal JL Jr, Harvey AM, Jones BF. The administration of di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) to man, I Effect on plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase general systemic effects use in study of hepatic function and erythropoieses and some properties of plasma cholinesterase. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1947 81 217— 244. 

A membrane-derived a-amylase was solubilized from membrane vesicles by treatment with Triton X-100 and was highly purified by chromatography on an anti-a-amylase-protein A-Sepharose column. Membrane-derived a-amylase was indistinguishable from the soluble extracellular enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. The membrane-derived enzyme contains phospholipid. Approximately 30 to 80% of the phospholipid was extracted from the purified enzyme by chloroform-methanol. The extracted phospholipid was predominantly phosphatidylethanolamine. Treatment with phospholipase D released phosphatidic acid. Membrane-bound a-amylase was latent in membrane vesicles. Release of membrane-bound a-amylase from vesicles by an endogenous enzyme was maximal at pH 8.5, was inhibited by metal chelators and di-isopropyl fluorophosphate and was stimulated by Ca and Mg. The amount of membrane-bound a-amylase was related to the level of secretion. 

Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme which hydrolyses peptide bonds which lie on the C-terminal side of an aromatic amino acid. Chymotrypsin has a serine residue at the active site and this can be labelled by reaction with di-isopropyl fluorophosphate. Other proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, subtilisin and thrombin have a similar serine residue at their active sites and these enzymes are termed serine proteases. 

Britain and the USA had also researched organophosphorus compounds as potential CW agents during this period but the leading candidate, 0,0-di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), was signifieantly less potent than tabun. " ... 

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