Amphetamines adulterants

Amphetamines are a class of chiral molecules, synthesized from the precursor phe-nylethylamine (Fig. 3). Several formulations are usually found on the black market such as tablets, lozenges, drops, injections, powder, whose colors vary from white to pink to brown, depending on the impurities and adulterants. 

However, urine has no great relevance in quantitative analysis because the analyte concentrations vary depending on the dose, means of administration, physiological status (urinary pH, sex, age, weight, etc.), the time lag between intake and analysis, the addition of adulterants. So the analytical data of urine may only indicate the presence of a substance up to a defined cutoff point the monitoring window (time interval in which a substance can be detected by ordinary analytical methods) varies from a few days for cocaine, amphetamine, methoxyamphetamine to 2-3 weeks for cannabinoids. 

These authors reported high efficiency separations of heroin, heroin impurities, degradation products, and adulterants (Fig. 8.1). Also discriminated were acidic and neutral impurities present in heroin seized by law enforcement agencies, as well as in illicit cocaine samples, with resolution of benzoylecgon-ine, cocaine, cis- and frans-cinnamoylcocaine. MEKC was also used with a broad spectrum of other compounds of forensic interest, including psilocybin, morphine, phenobarbital, psilocin, codeine, methaqualone, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, methamphetamine, lora-zepam, diazepam, fentanyl, phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP), cannabidiol, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which were all separated with baseline resolution. 

In order that the sample can be tested for the presence of amphetamines, a test solution must be prepared. The sample should be dissolved in a suitable solvent (methanol is commonly used) at a sample concentration of the order of 10 mg ml This allows for the fact that many amphetamine samples at the street level are extremely weak, i.e. between 2 and 10% amphetamine in a matrix of adulterants and diluants, giving a solution of approximately 0.2-1.0 mgml namely a concentration at which the standards can be prepared. 

This method also has the advantage that the most common adulterant of amphetamine, namely caffeine, can also be identified in this system, and a suitable mass spectrum obtained (Figure 2.5). As with all drug identification approaches, if the retention time data and mass spectra of the compounds match, then an identification can be inferred. 

Psychedelics men can not be called pushers, because they neither want people to abuse the drug, to adulterate (mix amphetamine or PCP with the product) or mishandle the drug. If we were to profile these individuals we could describe them as missionary or modern day apostles. 

Lurie, I.S. McGuiness, K. The quantitation of heroin and selected basic impurities via reversed phase HPLC. II. The analysis of adulterated samples. J.Liq.Chromatogn, 1987, 10, 2189-2204 [UV detection electrochemical detection also acetaminophen, acetylcodeine, acetylmorphine, acetylprocaine, aminopyrene, amitriptyline, antipyrine, aspirin, barhital, benztropine, caffeine, coceiine, diamor-phine, diazepam, diphenhydramine, dipsrone, ephedrine, ethylmorphine, lidocaine, meconin, meth-amphetamine, methap3rrilene, methaqualone, morphine, nalorphine, niacinamide, noscapine, papaverine, phenacetin, phenmetrazine, phenobarbital, phenolphthalein, procaine, propanophenone, propoxyphene, pyrilamine, quinidine, quinine, salicylamide, saliqrlic acid, secobarbital, strychnine, tartaric acid, tetracaine, thebaine, tripelennamine, tropacocaine, vitamin B3, vitamin B5]... 

Wen T., Zhao X., Luo G.A., Wang J., Wang Y.M., Li P, Zhu J., Yu Z.S., Simultaneous determination of heroin, amphetamine and their basic impurities and adulterants using microemulsion electrokinetic, chromatography. Chin. Chem. Lett., 16, 1499-1502 (2005). 

Six amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, methylenediox-yamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine [ecsta ]) and three adulterants (caffeine, phenylethylamine, paracetamol) were well resolved in 8 min on a Cjg column (A = 200 nm) using a 91/9 water (20 mM NaH2P04 to pH 3.8)/acetonitrile mobile phase [1422]. A plot of die effects of changing the percent acetonitrile on log A was presented. A linear range of 0.5-20 pg/mL along with detection limits of 100 ng/mL were reported. 

Saliva. Testing of oral fluids is becoming increasingly common because of its convenience for random testing, and it is more resistant to adulteration than urine samples. Saliva testing can detect cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, marijuana, bezodi-azepines, PGP, opiates, and alcohol if the substance was ingested between six hours and three days before the test was administered. 

An Arkansas employer must report to the Office of Driver Services (within 3 business days) all valid positive drug test results for marijuana metabohtes, cocaine metabohtes, amphetamines, opiate metabolites, or phencyclidine, all refusals to provide a specimen for drug testing, or the submission of an adulterated, diluted positive, or substituted specimen for all Arkansas-issued CDL holders employed in safety-sensitive transportation jobs for which drug and alcohol testing is required according to the FMCSRs. 

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