Ammonium titanate

Heterogeneous Catalysis. The main discovery of the 1980s was the use of titanium sihcaUte (TS-1) a synthetic zeoHte from the ZSM family containing no aluminum and where some titanium atoms replace siUcon atoms in the crystalline system (Ti/Si = 5%) (33). This zeoHte can be obtained by the hydrolysis of a siUcate and an alkyl titanate in the presence of quaternary ammonium hydroxide followed by heating to 170°C. Mainly studies have been devoted to the stmcture of TS-1 and its behavior toward H2O2 (34). The oxidation properties of the couple H2O2/TS-I have been extensively developed in... 

The reaction can be driven to the tetraalkoxide stage by addition of an amine or ammonia to scavenge the Hberated hydrochloric acid. The amine or ammonium hydrochloride that forms can be filtered from the reaction mass and the tetraalkyl titanate purified by distillation. If the reaction is mn in the starting alcohol as solvent, the chloride salts formed are in a finely divided state and difficult to filter. When the reaction is mn in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent such as heptane or toluene, a much more readily filterable salt is obtained. The solution of cmde tetraalkyl titanate can be distilled to remove solvent and give a pure product (1,2). 

Water-soluble, alkaline-stable ammonium or metal titanium malates and citrates can be formed by adding a tetraalkyl titanate to an aqueous solution of the ammonium or metal titanium malate or citrate (84). A typical formula is M TiO(citrate), where M is NH, Na, K, Ca, or Ba. 

Oxahc acid behaves as an a-hydroxy acid, yielding crystalline ammonium or potassium salts from either aqueous titanium(IV) solutions or tetraalkyl titanates (86). These are written as ... 

May 4, 1988, explosions leveled a Pacific Engineering Production Co. (PEPCO) plant, at Henderson, NV, one of only two U.S. plants producing 20 million lb/ year (maximum of 40 million Ib/year - see Table 7.1-2) ammonium perchlorate for solid rocket fuel. It was the principal supplier for the space shuttle and sole supplier for the Titan rocket and several military missiles. 

Redox (reduction-oxidation) titrimetry is used primarily for nitrate detns. Five systems are in current use ferrous sulfate—dichromate, io dome trie, periodic acid oxidation (NaOH titrant), K permanganate, and titanous chloride-ferric ammonium sulfate. The ferrous sulfate— dichromate system is used for MNT DNT detns (Vol 2, C162-Lff Vol 6, F17-Rff Ref 17). In the iodometric procedure, the sample (ie, NG) is treated in a C02 atm with a satd soln of Mn chloride in coned HC1, the vol reaction products are bubbled thru a K iodide soln, and the liberated iodine is titrated with standard thiosulfate soln (Refs 1 17). The periodic... 

Fig. 9.3 Illustration of a model of interlayer structure of intercalant N-(cocoalkyl)-N,N-[bis (2-hydroxyethyl)]-N-methyl ammonium cation (qCi4(OH)) in the gallery space of layered titanate (HTO). The average distance between exchange sites is 0.888 nm, calculated from the surface charge density of 1.26e /nm2. For qCi4(OH), the obtained molecular length,...

Determination of the Normality of the Ferric Ammonium Sulfate Solution. Using the value of R and the value of the normality of titanous chloride detd in 4.4.3.5.11 and 4.4.3.5.12, calculate the normality of the ferric ammonium sulfate soln... 

HH) M. Roth R.E. Wegman, AnalChem 30, 2036(195 8). A soln containing NGu is analyzed for the NGu content by addition to excess deaerated titanous chloride followed by back titration with standard ferric ammonium sulfate... 

Reduction of ammonium chlororuthenate with titanous chloride gives a solution containing divalent ruthenium which will absorb ethylene or propylene to give a 1 1 ruthenium-olefin complex which was not isolated (108). Ethylene was previously reported not to form stable complexes on treatment with ruthenium halides (97). 

Hexammino-titanic Chloride, [Ti(NH3)6]Cl4, is prepared by allowing a stream of dry hydrogen saturated with gaseous titanic chloride to come in contact with dry ammonia gas in a specially designed flask. A voluminous yellow powder remains, which is unaltered in dry air, and does not lose its yellow colour over freshly ignited calcium chloride in absence of air. Water decomposes the substance, with formation of titanic acid and ammonium chloride thus ... 

Rosenheim described a tetrammino-derivative, TiCl NHj, which he obtained by allowing the product from the action of dry ammonia on an ethereal suspension of titanic chloride to stand over dry calcium chloride. The substance so obtained was white, but further examination proved it to be a mixture of titanic acid and ammonium chloride produced by moisture in the air and in the imperfectly dried calcium chloride. 

If complete saponification is achieved, remove the rubber stopper from the inlet tube of the flask and attach a source of inert gas (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) to the tube. After allowing t "ip gac rrt flow for 3 mins stiti (whils cooninuin the flow of gas until, the end of test) in 2-ml increments 40ml of the 0.2N titanous chloride soln, swirling the flask after each addn. Then swirl the flask for another 15 secs and add 25ml of 15% HC1 soln, followed by 5ml of 20% ammonium thiocyanate soln... 

STD-286B (1 Dec 1967), Method 601.1.1, "Titanous Chloride (0.2N Standard Solution) 20) Frank pristera , 1 Expiosives in Vol 12 of Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, Wiley, NY (1971), pp443—45 (Nitroglycerin and Dynamites, Analysis) 445 (PETN) 445 fit 451 (Ethyleneglycol Nitrates) - 451 (Other organic nitrate esters) 451 (Ammonium Nitrate) 452—60 (Identification of explosives by infrared spectroscopy) 460—62 (Analysis of unknown HE s) 461—67 (Nitrogen content determinations) 467—70 (Other methods for quality control) 470—71 (67 references on analytical procedures)... 

Note It has been claimed in the Progr Rept 20-365 that none of the existing methods of reduction of nitrate by titanous ion are accurate when analyzing AN. The modification proposed in the rept is not as accurate as ferrous sulfate or other methods and for this reason cannot be recommended References on Ammonium Nitrate> Analytical Procedures ... 

Oxidation processes involving the subsequent titration of an excess of ferrous sulphate,2 oxalic acid (in the presence of silver sulphate as catalyst), titanous chloride,4 or of the quantity of iodine liberated from potassium iodide,5 are also available but are less satisfactory. In the last-named method a large excess of potassium iodide is necessary to obtain complete reaction in a short time. The reaction may be accelerated by the addition of potassium chloride6 or ammonium chloride with 20 per cent, by weight of the latter salt present a large excess of the iodide is not necessary and the liberated iodine may be titrated after fifteen minutes.7... 

Diazotization has been reported for all the pyrazolopyridines, and in some cases the salts have been isolated. A 7-aminopyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (191a) was converted to the corresponding hydroxy compound with sodium nitrite in hot glacial acetic acid.159 Analogous products were obtained from a 3-aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]-15 and 2-aminopyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridine.186 Decomposition of diazonium salts with hydrobromic acid afforded 3-bromo-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-u0 or -[4,3-bjpyridines111 deamination of 3-aminopyra-zolo[3,4-h]pyridines was achieved via treatment of the diazonium salts with hypophosphorous acid,10 titanous chloride,238 or ferrous ammonium sulfate.238 Kocevar et al.236 have made a detailed study of the reactions of the latter diazonium salt. 

Titrate the contents of the flask with 0.2N titanous chloride, adding 10 ml of 10% ammonium thiocyanate solut ion near the end point. Titrate slowly in the final stages allowing 10 seconds with good agitation between each drop. Carry out a blank determination on the reagents used and subtract from the above titer... 

When an excess of nitric acid of 10-50 per cent, strength is treated in the cold with stannous salt soln., hydroxylamine salts are the primary end-product of the reaction, but when the conditions of temp, and cone, are such that the nitric acid and the hydroxylamine salts react, then nitrous oxide is the. chief product together with small amounts of nitHe oxide, nitrogen and traces of nitrogen peroxide. No ammonium salts are formed. When stannous salts are used in excess over the nitric acid, the reaction takes place with hydroxylamine and ammonium salts as the products either in hot or cold soln., but the reaction is very slow in the latter case. When an excess of nitric acid is treated with titanous salt soln., the reaction takes place very rapidly with the formation of nitric oxide as the chief... 

Keay and Menage [13] have described an automated method for the determination of ammonium and nitrate in 2 M potassium chloride extracts of soil. In this method, a sample of soil (2 g) is shaken for one hour with 2 M potassium chloride (20 ml) and the filtrate is diluted, in the AutoAnalyser, with a 0.25% suspension of magnesium oxide the ammonia evolved is absorbed in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and determined spectrophotometrically at 625 nm by the indophenol method. The sum of ammonium plus nitrate is determined similarly, but with addition of 4.5% titanous chloride solution before distillation this reduces nitrate but not nitrite. 

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