Ammonium polysulfides

Polythiodipropionic acids and their esters are prepared from acryUc acid or an acrylate with sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonium polysulfide (32). These polythio compounds are converted to the dithio analogs by reaction with an inorganic sulfite or cyanide. 

Agrochemical Products. Hydrazones of vanillin have been shown to have a herbicidal action similar to that of 2,4-D, and the zinc salts of dithiovanillic acid. Made by the reaction of vanillin and ammonium polysulfide in alcohoHc hydrochloric acid, dithiovanillic acid is a vulcanization inhibitor. 5-Hydroxymerciirivanillin, 5- a cetoxym erci iri va n ill in, and 5-ch1oromercurivani11in have been prepared and found to have disinfectant properties. 

Compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and cyanides are the most common metal surface poisoners occurring in process units subject to aqueous-phase hydrogen attack. In many process units, these compounds can be effectively eliminated and hydrogen diffusion stopped by adding ammonium polysulfides and oxygen to the process streams which converts the compounds to polysulfides and thiocyanates, provided the pH is kept on the alkaline side. 

Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipate Ammonium benzoate Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium biflluoride Ammonium binoxalate Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium bitartrate Ammonium tetraborate Ammonium bromide Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chloride Ammonium citrate Ammonium diclnomate Ammonium fluoride Ammonium fluorosilicate Ammonium gluconate Ammonium iodide Ammonium molybdate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium oxalate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picrate Ammonium polysulfide Ammonium salicylate Ammonium stearate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfide (hydrosulfide) Ammonium tartrate Ammonium tliiocyanate Ammonium thiosulfate... 

Reacidification reprecipitates AS2S3 quantitatively. With alkali metal or ammonium polysulfides thioarsenates are formed which are virtually insoluble even in hot cone HCl ... 

An aryl alkyl ketone 1 can be converted into an tn-arylalkane carboxylic amide 2 by employing the Willgerodt reaction The number of carbon centers is retained. The reaction is carried out by treating the ketone with an aqueous solution of ammonium polysulfide. A variant that has been developed by Kindler, and which is called the Willgerodt-Kindler reaction, uses a mixture of sulfur and a secondary amine instead of the ammonium polysulfide. 

Monitor Ammonia Chloride in the Overhead Water, keep Ammonia Sulfide <5,000 ppm Use Steam Condensate as Water Wash at a Rate of 1-2 gpm/1000 bbl of Fresh Feed Use Ammonium Polysulfide Solution (especially if HCN > 25 ppm) to 10-20 ppm Residual HCN Make sure the Wash Water is injected uniformly into the Gas Stream Use Feed Forward Water Wash Scheme instead of Reverse Cascade ... 

In a recent patent Anastasijevic and coworkers11 have described the use of electrochemical promotion to produce ammonium polysulfide, (NH4)2SX, is an efficient manner. The novel electrochemically promoted process leads to faradaic efficiency, A, values of at least four11 and p(=r/r0) values of at least eight.11... 

The ammonium polysulfide, (NH4)2SX (with x=2 to 6) is produced in an electrochemical cell where aqueous ammonium sulfide, (NH4)2S, solution is supplied as electrolyte. The cell comprises an anode and a gas diffusion carbon cathode over which gaseous 02 is supplied in contact with the electrolyte.11 The cell operated continuously at pressures up to 60 bar. The applied potential, UWc> was 0.01 to 5 V. Pronounced electrochemical promotion behaviour was observed at Uwc values as low as 0.02 V with a current 1=0.5 A. 

Oxidation of aryl ketones by ammonium polysulfide (Willgerodt)... 

Formazans are stable in alkaline solution. Alkaline hydrolysis of functionalities on formazans such as nitriles, esters, and amides leads to the acids (Section 7.3.1.1). The case of 3-nitroformazans (198) is unique. Reaction with hydroxide ion gives 3-hydroxy formazan (199) which can be readily oxidized to the tetrazolium betaine. In the presence of hydrosulfide, a reduction of the nitro group takes place giving 3-aminoformazan (200) with traces of the 3-mercaptoformazan (201), which by contrast is the main product when ammonium polysulfide is used (Scheme 30).45,346... 

Ammonium polysulfide (yellow ammonium sulfide), (NH4)2SX allow the colorless (NH4)2S to stand, or add sulfur. 

Compared with the huge number of oxo complexes only a few rhenium(V) compound with terminal sulfldo complexes are known. The square-pyramidal complex anion [ReS(S4)2] was first isolated in pure form in 1986 by a reaction of Rc207 with (Ph4P)Br and ammonium polysulfide in acetonitrile and the structure of the Ph4P+ salt has been elucidated. Later, the same complex anion was prepared from starting materials such as [Re2Cl8] , perrhenate, ... 

At elevated temperatures it forms polysulfides also, it combines with sulfur, forming ammonium polysulfide ... 

The reduction of sulfur by hydrogen sulfide in liquid ammonia leads to (NH4)28 , ammonium polysulfide solutions, following ... 

Dithiaethanemercarbide, CgHgHggOgSgf mw 1325.82, OB to CO2 —18%, yel powd. It may be prepd by treating the parent compd for several weeks in methanolic ammonium polysulfide (Ref 2c)... 

The reaction of ammonium polysulfide with nickel(II) acetate in MeOH solution gave the black diamagnetic square planar complex [Ni(S4)2](NEt4)2 (266) which contains the S4 anion as the unique ligand.1940... 

Phenylacetamide has been obtained by a wide variety of reactions from benzyl cyanide with water at 250-260° 6 from benzyl cyanide with water and cadmium oxide at 240° 6 from benzyl cyanide with sulfuric acid 7 8 by saturation of an acetone solution of benzyl cyanide with potassium hydrosulfide 9 from benzyl cyanide with sodium peroxide 10 by electrolytic reduction of benzyl cyanide in sodium hydroxide 11 from ethyl phenyl-acetate with alcoholic 12 or aqueous 13 ammonia from phenyl-acetic acid with ammonium acetate 14 or urea 15 from diazoacetophenone with ammoniacal silver solution 16 from phenyl-acetic acid imino ether hydrochloride and water 17 from acetophenone with ammonium polysulfide at 215° 18 from benzoic acid 19 and by heating the ammonium salt of phenyl-acetic acid.20... 

The corresponding 4-ethoxy derivative (m.p. 114°) was similarly prepared. When a yellow ammonium polysulfide solution was used, an anhydride with five sulfur atoms in the molecule was isolated4. 

Treatment of aqueous solutions of copper(II) salts with ammonium polysulfide gives rise to NH4tCuS4] 163), from which other [ 084] salts can he obtained (35, 163, 283). Two thiocarbonato complexes, M[CuCS3] (M = K, NH4), are also known (162). 

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