Ammonium carbonate anhydride

Synonyms ammonium aminoformate ammonium carbonate anhydride... 

The synthesis of key intermediate 12, in optically active form, commences with the resolution of racemic trans-2,3-epoxybutyric acid (27), a substance readily obtained by epoxidation of crotonic acid (26) (see Scheme 5). Treatment of racemic 27 with enantio-merically pure (S)-(-)-1 -a-napthylethylamine affords a 1 1 mixture of diastereomeric ammonium salts which can be resolved by recrystallization from absolute ethanol. Acidification of the resolved diastereomeric ammonium salts with methanesulfonic acid and extraction furnishes both epoxy acid enantiomers in eantiomerically pure form. Because the optical rotation and absolute configuration of one of the antipodes was known, the identity of enantiomerically pure epoxy acid, (+)-27, with the absolute configuration required for a synthesis of erythronolide B, could be confirmed. Sequential treatment of (+)-27 with ethyl chloroformate, excess sodium boro-hydride, and 2-methoxypropene with a trace of phosphorous oxychloride affords protected intermediate 28 in an overall yield of 76%. The action of ethyl chloroformate on carboxylic acid (+)-27 affords a mixed carbonic anhydride which is subsequently reduced by sodium borohydride to a primary alcohol. Protection of the primary hydroxyl group in the form of a mixed ketal is achieved easily with 2-methoxypropene and a catalytic amount of phosphorous oxychloride. 

Heat 3-nitrophthalic anhydride with ammonium carbonate to get 3-nitrophthalimide (I). Dissolve 4.3 g (I) in 50 ml 90% methanol and add 1.9 g sodium borohydride over 30 minutes while stirring vigorously at room temperature. Stir 2 hours, acidify with 20% HCI, evaporate in vacuum and treat the dry residue with acetone. Evaporate in vacuum to get 3.9 g (88%) 3-OH-4-nitrophthal-imidine (II) (recrystallize from acetone). Dissolve 3.9 g (II) in 40 ml 20% HCI and stir for 10 hours on water bath at 80-90°. Distill off HCI and stir residue with acetone. Filter and evaporate in vacuum to get 3.4 g 3-OH-4-nitrophthalide (III) (recrystallize from CHC 3 and can purify on column). Prepare an ether solution of CH2N2 and add to 1.93 g (III) in a 100 ml flask until a reaction is no longer evident. Add acetic acid to decompose excess diazomethane and evaporate in vacuum to get about 2 g of 2-methoxycarbonyl-6-nitrostyrene oxide (IV) (can purify on column). Dissolve 560 mg (IV) in 50 ml absolute methanol, add 50 mg Pt02 and hydrogenate as described elsewhere here (other reducing methods should work). Filter,... 

Phthalimide may also be made by using 500 g. of phthalic anhydride anti 500 g. of ammonium carbonate which has been previously ground in a mortar. The subsequent procedure is... 

J. Black s investigation 3 of 1756 is the first contribution to the chemistry of the carbonates of ammonia, and he pointed out the chemical difference between the aqua ammonia and the solid carbonate of commerce. J. Priestley also, in 1774, dwelt on the same subject. T. Bergmann analysed the commercial carbonate in 1774 H. Davy emphasized the variable nature of the compounds of carbon dioxide and ammonia in 1799 while C. L. Berthollet (1806) and J. Dalton (1819) demonstrated that there are several different carbonates of ammonia. In his paper On the combinations of carbonic anhydride with ammonia and water (1870), E. Divers showed that there are at least three well-defined ammonium carbonates—the normal carbonate, the hydrocarbonate, and the sesquicarbonate. On the other hand, in his paper Ueber die Verbindungen des Ammoniaks mit der Kohlensaure (1839), H. Rose claimed to have shown that an indefinitely large number of these compounds can be prepared, and he described twelve of them. He said ... 

Bifunctionally tagged Mitsunobu reagents 21 and 22, quaternary ammonium carbonate resin 65, tetrafluorophthalic anhydride (as a solution-phase linking reagent), and amine-functionalized resin 2 were used in a three-step solution-phase synthesis of a series of substituted hydroxypiperidines.39 No further purification (e.g., liquid-phase extraction or chromatography) was required, and products were isolated in good yields and purities. 

Cyclic anhydrides of dibasic acids react with ammonia and certain amines to give cyclic imides, such as phthalimide (97%) and a-ethyl-glutarimide (85%). Aqueous ammonia, ammonium carbonate, and dry ammonia gas have been used. 2-Aminopyridine and phthalic anhydride react at 180° to yield N-(2 pyridyl)-phthalimide (76%). t-Butylphthali-mide is made by the action of phthalic anhydride on /-butylurea at 200-240°. The use of alkylureas in this reaction is general. ... 

The reaction is accomplished by simply heating together phthalic anhydride and ammonium carbonate. Phthalimide then hydrolyzes with potassium hydroxide yielding the potassium salt of phthalamidic acid and this acid amide compound undergoes the Hofmann reaction (pp. 148, 685) with bromine (or chlorine) and potassium hydroxide by which one of the carboxyl groups is replaced by the amino group yielding amino benzoic acid or anthranilic acid. 

Naphthalene to Anthranilic Acid.—Such a cheap source was found in naphthalene which was converted into anthranilic acid, orthoamino benzoic acid, and this by treatment with chlor acetic acid yields phenyl glycine ortho-carboxylic acid. The complete synthesis is as follows Naphthalene is oxidized to or// o-phthalic acid which then yields phthalic anhydride. This with ammonia, as ammonium carbonate, yields phthalimide or phthalamidic acid. 

Controlled potential electrolyses of phthalic and pyromellitic anhydrides at the potential of the first wave gave highly colored, oxygen-sensitive solutions, which later were shown to give well-resolved esr spectra of the corresponding radical ions [55]. Phthalic anhydride has been reduced to phthalide on a preparative scale [109], but the reaction conditions employed (ethanol-water-ammonium carbonate) indicate that monoethyl phthalate must have been the actual substrate. An interesting reduction of 3,6-diphenylphthalic anhydride in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride gives two types of dimeric species [110] ... 

Heat 3-nitrophthalic anhydride with ammonium carbonate to get... 

Reactions of this kind were introduced when Bogert and Hand heated 2-aminobenzoic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of ammonium carbonate and obtained a low yield of 2-methylquinazolin-4-one (see l).300 In stages, this reaction was developed to give annelated pyrimidin-4-ones bearing alkyl or aryl groups in both the 2- and 3-positions (see Scheme 2). 

The odour is due to the escape of ammoniacal gas. By exposure to air the preparation also loses carbonic anhydride and becomes ammonium-hydrogen carbonate, which is opaque, odourless, and antacid, Ktit not stimulant hence, carbonate of ammonia should be preserved in well-stoppered bottles. 

Characters and Tests.— White amorphous powder dissolves with effervescence (escape of carbonic anhydride) in dilute hydrochloric acid, indicating that it is a carbonate, and leaving only a small residue. The solution thus formed gives with ammonium oxalate a white predpitate (caldum oxalate), showing the presence of caldum. The salt (calcium chloride) formed by dissolving prepared chalk in hydrochloric acid, if rendered neutral by evaporation to cbyness, and redissolved in water, gives only a very scanty... 

Zirconium acetylacetonate. See Zirconium tetraacetylacetonate Zirconium ammonium carbonate. See Ammonium zirconium carbonate Zirconium anhydride. See Zirconium oxide Zirconium basic carbonate. See Zirconium carbonate basic... 

The synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (45) by four-component condensation reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyls (43), aldehydes (1), and ammonium carbonate (44) in an aqueous medium was reported at 60°C within 1.5-2.5 h (Scheme 9.11) (Tamaddon and Moradi 2012). ZnO nanoparticles can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst (Yavari and Beheshti 2011) for the one-pot three-component condensation of isatoic anhydride (46), amines (47), and aldehydes (48) to afford the corresponding 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4(l//)-ones (49) (Scheme 9.12). A short reaction time (3 h), solvent-free conditions, and an atom-economic nature are the significant advantages of the present method. The catalyst showed good recyclability without much loss of its catalytic activity. 

Ammonium carbonate Dicarboxylic acid imides from anhydrides... 

Phenyl isothiocyanate has been prepared from thiocarbanilide by the action of phosphorus pentoxide, hydrochloric acid, iodine, phosphoric acid, acetic anhydride, and nitrous acid. It has also been prepared from ammonium phenyl dithiocarbamate by the action of ethyl chlorocarbonate, copper sulfate lead carbonate, lead nitrate, ferrous sulfate,and zinc sulfate. ... 

Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts Any oxidizable substance, such as ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulphide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate or furfural Chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates... 

Copper does not form protective oxide fdms. Therefore, its corrosion resistance is poor against most acids and salts. Many gases-haloids, sulfurous anhydride, sulfur vapors, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonium-destroy copper. However, copper is highly corrosion resistant to alkali solutions. 

A) A mixture of 333 parts of 4-(1 -piperazinyDphenol dihydrobromide, 11.2 parts of acetic acid anhydride, 42 parts of potassium carbonate and 300 parts of 1,4-dioxane is stirred and refluxed for 3 days. The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated. The solid residue is stirred in water and sodium hydrogen carbonate is added. The whole is stirred for 30 minutes. The precipitated product is filtered off and dissolved in a diluted hydrochloric acid solution. The solution is extracted with trichloromethane. The acid aqueous phase is separated and neutralized with ammonium hydroxide. The product is filtered off and crystallized from ethanol, yielding 5.7 parts of 1 acetyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine MP 181.3°C. 

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