Hydroxylammonium azide

Ionic liquids should also be very suitable for use as monopropellants, but the salts used must contain either the oxidizer and fuel combined, or salt mixtures which contain both oxidizing and reducing salts. Since these mixtures are homogeneous systems which contain both the oxidizer and fuel, they can be labeled as monopropellants, just as hydrazine is. Particularly interesting are salt mixtures which are less toxic and have a lower vapor pressure than hydrazine. Such mixtures are also known as green propellants . Suitable anions are the nitrate or dinitramide ions [58], A combination which has already been studied intensively as an oxidizer is the HAN, hydroxylammonium nitrate system. ADN, ammonium nitrate (AN) and hydrazinium nitrate (HN) have also been investigated. As fuels, hydroxylammonium azide (HAA), ammonium azide (AA) or hydrazinium azide (HA) may be appropriate. As a rule, these salt mixtures are not used as pure substances on safety grounds, but with 20 or 40% water added they then decompose catalytically in an exothermic reaction. Table 9.7 shows the dependence of the calculated specific impulses on the water content for such salt mixtures. 

NH30H]2C204 Hydroxylammonium oxalate, 3 83 [NIIjOHJsAsOa Hydroxylammonium arsenate, 3 83 [NH30H]3P04 Hydroxylammonium phosphate, 3 82 NH4N3 Ammonium azide, 2 136, 137... 

The reaction of compound (86) with hydroxylammonium chloride in acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine gave the corresponding cyano-substituted compound (252). Alkaline hydrolysis of compound (252) gave the diacid (253), and reaction with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in DMF led to the tetrazole (254). The compounds (8i), (82), (84), (85), and (87) reacted similarly <93CCC2139, 94MI 701-01). 

Difluoramino compounds Fluorodinitromethyl compounds Haloacetylene derivatives Halogen azides High-nitrogen compounds Hydroxylammonium salts Metal acetylides... 

Direct amination of toluene can be effected with hydroxylamine-0-sulphonic acid, alkylhydroxylamines and hydroxylammonium salts in the presence of aluminium chloride (at least two moles per mole of aminating agent), and with hydrogen azide in the presence of aluminium chloride or sulphuric acid. These reactions lead to the corresponding toluidines. Thus toluene and hydroxylamine-0-sulphonic acid give mixed toluidines (50% yield) of the following composition ... 

Keywords Amides Nitrogenation Azides Ammonia Urea Hydroxylammonium chlorides... 

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