Green propellants

F.J.M., and Zevenbergen, J. (2004) Technology status of HNF based monopropellants for satellite propulsion. Proc. 2nd Ind Conf. on Green Propellants for Space Propulsion, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, June 07-08,... 

Schmidt, E. W., and Wucherer, E. J., Hydrazine(s) vs. nontoxic propellants—Where do we stand now , in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Propellants for Space Propulsion, June, 2004 (ESA SP-557). 

Ionic liquids should also be very suitable for use as monopropellants, but the salts used must contain either the oxidizer and fuel combined, or salt mixtures which contain both oxidizing and reducing salts. Since these mixtures are homogeneous systems which contain both the oxidizer and fuel, they can be labeled as monopropellants, just as hydrazine is. Particularly interesting are salt mixtures which are less toxic and have a lower vapor pressure than hydrazine. Such mixtures are also known as green propellants . Suitable anions are the nitrate or dinitramide ions [58], A combination which has already been studied intensively as an oxidizer is the HAN, hydroxylammonium nitrate system. ADN, ammonium nitrate (AN) and hydrazinium nitrate (HN) have also been investigated. As fuels, hydroxylammonium azide (HAA), ammonium azide (AA) or hydrazinium azide (HA) may be appropriate. As a rule, these salt mixtures are not used as pure substances on safety grounds, but with 20 or 40% water added they then decompose catalytically in an exothermic reaction. Table 9.7 shows the dependence of the calculated specific impulses on the water content for such salt mixtures. 

Replacement of hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives toward "green propellants"... 

Anflo, K. Mollerberg, R. (2009). Flight demonstration of new thruster and green propellant technology on the PRISMA satellite, Acta Astronaut., Vol.65, No.9-10, p>p. 1238-1249, ISSN 0094-5765... 

Hisatsune, K Izumi, J. Tsutaya, H. Furukawa, K (2004). Development of HAN-based liquid propellant thruster. Proceeding of 2 Inti Conf on Green Propellants for Space... 

Figure 5.9 The six four-stranded motifs in a single subunit of neuraminidase form the six blades of a propeller-like structure. A schematic diagram of the subunit structure shows the propeller viewed from its side (a). An idealized propeller structure viewed from the side to highlight the position of the active site is shown in (b). The loop regions that connect the motifs (red in b) in combination with the loops that connect strands 2 and 3 within the motifs (green in b) form a wide funnel-shaped active site pocket, [(a) Adapted from P. Colman et ah, Nature 326 358-363, 1987.]...

Green (G3) has proposed an alternate approach based on the concept of a critical mass-velocity required to produce a Mach number of 1 in a constant-area channel. Green showed this approach was able to correlate the erosive-burning data he obtained for both a double-base propellant and a composite propellant. 

The glass chrysanthemum comprising overlapping petals of small red, yellow, green and blue rhomboids is a prelude to the DMTverse where the discamate entities reside. With sufficient doses, the psychonaut is propelled through the chrysanthemum to the DMTverse. The user punches through the membrane of our world and enters a world beyond. 

Librovich, ZhPriklMekhan i TekhnFiz 1963 (6), 74-9 8c CA 60, 14325 (1964) (Ignition of propellants and explosives) 11) G.D. Dorough et al, "Ignition of Explosives by LowVelocity Impact , Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensitivity and Hazards of Explosives, London, October 1963 12) L.G. Green G.D. Dorough,... 

Transfer 150 ml of the silver nitrate reagent to each of two 250-ml glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flasks. Place the flasks in a suitable ice bath until, die temperature of the contents Is 32°to 39.2 F (0° to 4°C). Add 7 to 9 drops of the mixed indicator to each flask and, if necessary, neutralize to a gray-green color with 0.02N sodium hydroxide if. acid or with 0.02N nitric acid if alkaline. Reserve one of the flasks for the blank and into the second flask pour 0 ml of propellant. Compare the color of the sample with that of the blank. A purple color in the sample solution indicates... 

Fig. 2. Structure of the ABLl kinase portion of the BCR-ABLl protein. The activation loop (blue) is in the closed (inactive) conformation on the left and in the open (active) conformation on the right. A molecule of imatinib is positioned in the ATP-binding site and is in green. (Reprinted with permission from U S. Healthcare Communications, LLC. LitzowMR, Tefferi A. Chronic myeloid leukemia problems propel progress. Amer J Hematol/Oncol, 2007 6(5) supplement 7 19-22).

There are also very many classified experimental composite propellants which are listed separately on green sheets inserted in the Manual... 

Thomas, Modified Pentaerythritoltetranitrate , GerP 2248627 (1973) CA 79,44042 (1973) 23) Anon, Solid Propellant with an Inhibitor Coating , GerP 2257742 (1973) CA 79, 94194 (1973) 24) J. Green, High-Burning... 

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