Ammonia reaction with copper

Compound 26, likewise, undergoes a series of displacement reactions (Scheme 34). Whereas reaction with copper(I) cyanide replaces only one chlorine atom to yield 136, all are displaced by reactions with ammonia and isopropylamine, diethyl(trimethylsilyl)amine, water, and thiols to give, respectively, 137-140. Some additional transformations are also shown. 

Hydrazoic acid also reacts with copper, silver and mercury but in a different way it forms azides without loss of hydrogen and a considerable amount of hydrazoic acid is reduced to ammonia or hydrazine and free nitrogen. The reaction with copper recalls the action of nitric acid on this metal. 

FERRICIANURO POTASICO (Spanish) (13746-66-2) Mixtures with water, acids, alcohols cause slow decomposition, producing hydrocyanic acid. Explosive reaction with ammonia. Violent reaction with copper(II) nitrate, trihydrate. Incompatible with chromium trioxide, sodium nitrite. 

Copper(II) ions in aqueous solution are readily obtained from any copper-containing material. The reactions with (a) alkali (p. 430), (b) concentrated ammonia (p 413) and (c) hydrogen sulphide (p. 413) provide satisfactory tests for aqueous copper(II) ions. A further test is to add a hexacyanoferrate(II) (usually as the potassium salt) when a chocolate-brown precipitate of copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) is obtained ... 

Ammonia. Ammonia (qv) reacts with excess fluorine ia the vapor phase to produce N2, NF, N2F2, HF, and NH F. This reaction is difficult to control ia the vapor phase because of the iatense heat of reaction, and ia some cases only N2 and HF are produced. Nitrogen trifluoride was obtained ia 6% yields ia a gas-phase reaction over copper (42). Yields of ca 60% are achieved by the reaction of fluorine and ammonia ia a molten ammonium acid fluoride solution (43,44). 

The Glaser coupling reaction is carried out in aqueous ammonia or an alcohol/ammonia solution in the presence of catalytic amounts of a copper-I salt. The required copper-II species for reaction with the acetylide anion R-C=C are generated by reaction with an oxidant—usually molecular oxygen. For the Eglinton procedure, equimolar amounts of a copper-II salt are used in the presence of pyridine as base. 

A further factor which must also be taken into consideration from the point of view of the analytical applications of complexes and of complex-formation reactions is the rate of reaction to be analytically useful it is usually required that the reaction be rapid. An important classification of complexes is based upon the rate at which they undergo substitution reactions, and leads to the two groups of labile and inert complexes. The term labile complex is applied to those cases where nucleophilic substitution is complete within the time required for mixing the reagents. Thus, for example, when excess of aqueous ammonia is added to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulphate, the change in colour from pale to deep blue is instantaneous the rapid replacement of water molecules by ammonia indicates that the Cu(II) ion forms kinetically labile complexes. The term inert is applied to those complexes which undergo slow substitution reactions, i.e. reactions with half-times of the order of hours or even days at room temperature. Thus the Cr(III) ion forms kinetically inert complexes, so that the replacement of water molecules coordinated to Cr(III) by other ligands is a very slow process at room temperature. 

Penta-1,3-diyne (Methyldiacetylene). CH3.CiC.CiCH mw 65.10 OB to C02 —294.93% liq mp —4.5 to -38.5° bp 76-77° (explds at atm press), 45° at 140mm d 0.7909 g/cc at 20/4° RI 1.4762 (Ref 3) and 1.4817 (Ref 1). Sol in ethanol and petr with a bp > 180°. Prepn is by reacting monosodium-acetylenide with dichloromethane in liq ammonia at 20 to 40°, followed by treatment with ammonium chloride. The product is stable in the dark at -35° but polymerizes readily at above —20° in the light. Penta-1,3-diyne forms two expl salts Copper penta-1,3-diyne, CuCsH3, dark yel ndls/by reaction with CuCl, explds on shock or by rubbing and Silver penta-1,3-diyne, yel-brn ndls, by reaction with aq silver nitrate in ammonium hydroxide, a v expl compd Refs 1) Beil 1, [247], 1057 <1117)... 

The reaction with ammonia or amines, which undoubtedly proceeds by the SnAt mechanism, is catalyzed by copper and nickel salts, though these are normally used only with rather unreactive halides. This reaction, with phase-transfer catalysis, has been used to synthesize triarylamines. Copper ion catalysts (especially cuprous oxide or iodide) also permit the Gabriel synthesis (10-61) to be... 

The reaction between the copper derivative of pentafluorobenzene and chloracetyl chloride (ammonia as base) produces a little of the highly stable furan 8, an unusual result that has been regarded very tentatively as a Feist-Benary reaction with Cf,F5COCH2Cl as substrate.48... 

Copper phthalocyanine derivatives are well established as turquoise blue direct and reactive dyes for cellulosic fibres. Chlorosulphonation at the 3-position, followed by hydrolysis, yields sulphonated direct dyes such as Cl Direct Blue 86 (5.32 X = H) and Blue 87 (5.32 X = S03Na). Solubility and dyeing properties can be varied by introducing four chlorosulphonyl groups, some of which are hydrolysed and some converted to sulphonamide by reaction with ammonia or alkylamines. This approach is also the main route to reactive dyes of the copper phthalocyanine type. The reactive system Z is linked to a 3-sulphonyl site... 

Phthalic anhydride and urea, together with copper(I)chloride and ammonium molybdate, are heated to 200°C in trichlorobenzene. The ratios between the components are the same as in the baking process. Carbon dioxide and ammonia are released to yield Copper Phthalocyanine Blue. The reaction is complete after 2 to 3 hours, producing a yield between 85% and more than 95%. 

Cu(NH3)2BTC2/3 and finally copper hydroxide in the presence of water. The formation of the BTC salts was supported by the collapse of the structure after interaction of ammonia with unsaturated copper centers. The release of BTC and copper oxide centers provides sites for reactive adsorption of ammonia during the course of the breakthrough experiments. Interestingly, even though the structure collapses, some evidence of the structural breathing of the resulting materials caused by reactions with ammonia was found, based on the ammonia adsorption at equilibrium and the analysis of the heat of interactions [51]. 

The chlorine bound to the carbon black surface can be used for further reactions. On fusion with sodium hydroxide, it was completely removed. A large part had been replaced by CN groups after fusion with sodium cyanide or treatment with copper (I) cyanide (69). Reaction was observed also with ammonia. However, no amino groups could be detected on the surface by the nsiinl methods. 

Also, nitrogen trifluoride can he prepared by reaction of ammonia with fluorine diluted with nitrogen in a reactor packed with copper. Other nitrogen fluorides, such as N2F2, N2F4, and NHF2 also are produced. The yield of major product depends on fluorine/ammonia ratio and other conditions. 

Bromo- and iododibenzofurans have been converted to the amino-compounds by reaction with ammonia, or to phenols by reaction with hydroxide, both in the presence of copper catalysts at high temperatures and pressures. Thus 2-iododibenzofuran is converted to the 2-amino compound (95%) with ammonia in the presence of copper(I) bromide at 200-210°C for 24 h, and 2-bromodibenzofuran affords the corresponding phenol (56-75%) on treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide in the presence of copper and copper(II) sulfate at 240°C for 12 h. ... 

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