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Complexes, inert

Inert and/or thermodynamically non-reversible Labile and thermodynamically reversible [Pg.37]


A further factor which must also be taken into consideration from the point of view of the analytical applications of complexes and of complex-formation reactions is the rate of reaction to be analytically useful it is usually required that the reaction be rapid. An important classification of complexes is based upon the rate at which they undergo substitution reactions, and leads to the two groups of labile and inert complexes. The term labile complex is applied to those cases where nucleophilic substitution is complete within the time required for mixing the reagents. Thus, for example, when excess of aqueous ammonia is added to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulphate, the change in colour from pale to deep blue is instantaneous the rapid replacement of water molecules by ammonia indicates that the Cu(II) ion forms kinetically labile complexes. The term inert is applied to those complexes which undergo slow substitution reactions, i.e. reactions with half-times of the order of hours or even days at room temperature. Thus the Cr(III) ion forms kinetically inert complexes, so that the replacement of water molecules coordinated to Cr(III) by other ligands is a very slow process at room temperature. [Pg.55]

B. Back-titration. Many metals cannot, for various reasons, be titrated directly thus they may precipitate from the solution in the pH range necessary for the titration, or they may form inert complexes, or a suitable metal indicator is not available. In such cases an excess of standard EDTA solution is added, the resulting solution is buffered to the desired pH, and the excess of the EDTA is back-titrated with a standard metal ion solution a solution of zinc chloride or sulphate or of magnesium chloride or sulphate is often used for this purpose. The end point is detected with the aid of the metal indicator which responds to the zinc or magnesium ions introduced in the back-tit ration. [Pg.311]

It will not have escaped the reader s attention that the kinetically inert complexes are those of (chromium(iii)) or low-spin d (cobalt(iii), rhodium(iii) or iridium(iii)). Attempts to rationalize this have been made in terms of ligand-field effects, as we now discuss. Note, however, that remarkably little is known about the nature of the transition state for most substitution reactions. Fortunately, the outcome of the approach we summarize is unchanged whether the mechanism is associative or dissociative. [Pg.187]

C. H. Langford and M. Parris Reactions of Inert Complexes and Metal Organic Compounds, pp. 1-52 (170) see especially sections 6 and 7, complexes with B class ligands the binary carbonyls, and the substituted carbonyls. [Pg.450]

The first resolution of an octahedral complex into its enantiomers was achieved in 1911 by A. Werner, who got the Nobel Prize in 1913, with the complex [Co(ethylenediamine)(Cl)(NH3)] [10]. Obviously, resolution is to be considered only in the case of kinetically inert complexes whose enantiomers do not racemize quickly after separation. This is a very important remark since, as noted above, the interesting complexes are those containing exchangeable sites required for catalytic activity and thus more sensitive to racemization. We will not discuss here the very rare cases of spontaneous resolution during which a racemic mixture of complexes forms a conglomerate (the A and A enantiomers crystallize in separate crystals) [11,12]. [Pg.274]

Reactions of Inert Complexes and Metal Organic Compounds... [Pg.1]

This chapter is restricted to treatment of the inert complexes because these... [Pg.1]

In the cases of substitution-inert complexes of Fe(ni) it is envisaged that R-forms a temporary bond with the ligand through which the electron transport takes place. [Pg.491]


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Complex formation thermodynamics inertness

Complex ions inert

Electrochemical oxidation and reduction of complexes using inert electrodes

Explanation of Inert versus Labile Complexes

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Hydroxo complexes, inert

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Inert gases complexes

Inert metal complexes

Inert metal complexes induced lability

Inert metal complexes inherent lability

Inert metal complexes ligand

Inert metal complexes photochemistry

Inert metal complexes properties

Inert metal complexes reactions involving

Inert metal complexes trans effects

Iridium , inert metal complexes

Kinetically Inert and Labile Complexes

Kinetically inert complexes

Lability and Inertness in Octahedral Complexes

Lanthanide complexes kinetic inertness

Ligand substitution reactions inert octahedral complexes

Molybdenum inert complexes

Octahedral Substitution Reactions. Labile and Inert Complexes

Platinum , inert complexes

Polynuclear compounds, inert metal complexes

Salts, inert metal complexes effects

Solvents, inert metal complexes effects

Substitution Reactions of Inert-Metal Complexes— oordination Numbers 4 and

Substitution Reactions of Inert-Metal Complexes— oordination Numbers 6 and Above Chromium House ntroduction

Substitution Reactions of Inert-Metal Complexes— oordination Numbers 6 and Above Cobalt Hay Aquation

Substitution inert labile complexes

Substitution reactions of inert complexes

Substitution-inert complexes

Toxicology of inert transition metal complexes, genetic

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