Ammonia neutralization with nitric acid

I)Chlorides. Add to ca a 10 g sample weighed to 0.1 mg in a porcelain casserole, ca 80 ml of 10% NaOH soln and boil until all ammonia is driven off. Dissolve the residue in ca 150 ml cold distd w, neutralize with nitric acid and add a slight excess of Ca carbonate (free from chlorides). Titrate with N/10 Ag nitrate soln, using K chromate as an indicator. Calculate the chlorides found to %-age of NH C1 in the sample Note If the amt of chlorides in Grade III AN is not above 0.02%, the following turbido-metric procedure may be used ... 

It involves a fairly safe neutralization reaction. Ammonia is neutralized with nitric acid (itself manufactured from ammonia), creating a solution of ammonium nitrate. The solid can be obtained by crystallizing hot solutions, or in industry by spraying molten ammonium nitrate into a tower where drops solidify as they fall into lumps known as prills. These can be used as a fertilizer, or in making ANFO explosive. 

Manufacture. Historically, ammonium nitrate was manufactured by a double decomposition method using sodium nitrate and either ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride. Modem commercial processes, however, rely almost exclusively on the neutralization of nitric acid (qv), produced from ammonia through catalyzed oxidation, with ammonia. Manufacturers commonly use onsite ammonia although some ammonium nitrate is made from purchased ammonia. SoHd product used as fertilizer has been the predominant form produced. However, sale of ammonium nitrate as a component in urea—ammonium nitrate Hquid fertilizer has grown to where about half the ammonium nitrate produced is actually marketed as a solution. 

Three steps are essential to ammonium nitrate manufacture neutralization of nitric acid with ammonia to produce a concentrated solution evaporation to give a melt and processing by prilling or granulation to give the commercial soHd product. 

Nitrophosphate fertilizer is made by digesting phosphate rock with nitric acid. This is the nitrophosphate route leading to NPK fertilizers as in the mixed-acid route, potassium and other salts are added during the process. The resulting solution is cooled to precipitate calcium nitrate, which is removed by filtration methods. The filtrate is neutralized with ammonia, and the solution is evaporated to reduce the water content. The process of prilling may follow. The calcium nitrate filter cake can be further treated to produce a calcium nitrate fertilizer, pure calcium nitrate, or ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate. 

Procedure. The beryllium solution (200 mL), prepared with nitric acid or hydrochloric acid and containing about 0.1 g of Be, must be almost neutral and contain no other substance precipitable by ammonia solution. Heat to boiling,... 

NH4NO3 is made by the neutralization reaction of ammonia with nitric acid ... 

Well-cooled sulphuryl chloride, diluted with 15-20 vols. of chloroform, is sat. with dry ammonia, the precipitated product dissolved in water, the soln. acidified with nitric acid, and the whole of the chlorine precipitated with silver nitrate the filtered soln. is neutralized with alkali, treated with silver nitrate, and the crystalline precipitate, which consists of silver sulphimide and some other silver derivative, separated by filtration. After adding a further quantity of silver nitrate, the clear soln. is treated with alkali, when silver sul-phamide is obtained as a colourless, amorphous precipitate, which, however, is invariably mixed with some other silver compound, probably the same as that present in the silver sulphimide precipitate. In order to remove this impurity, the well-washed precipitate is treated with hydrochloric acid in quantity exactly sufficient to convert the silver into chloride, and the strongly acid soln. is neutralized with ammonia and mixed with silver nitrate, when only the silver compound of unknown composition is precipitated pure silver sulphamide can now be precipitated by adding silver nitrate and excess of ammonia, and on decomposing this compound with the necessary quantity of hydrochloric acid, a neutral or feebly acid soln. of sulphamide is obtained. Sulphamide is deposited in large, colourless crystals when its aq. soln. is evaporated over sulphuric acid under reduced press. 

Aminomethane Nitrate or Methylamine Nitrate (Man-Salz, in Ger), CH4-NH2-HNO, mw 94.07, N 29.78%, OB to C02 -34.0%. Prism crysts, mp 109—11°, sol in w and very hygroscopic. Can be prepd by neutralizing amino-methane with nitric acid or by reacting methyl-nitrate with ammonia... 

The exothermic neutralization of nitric acid with ammonia gas produces AN solution and steam. The nitric acid is commonly preheated using equipment of suitable corrosion resistance. Preheating is usually employed if the available concentration of nitric acid is in the lower end of the 50% to 70% range. Steam or hot condensate from the AN process is used to preheat the nitric acid103. 

A solution of 50 g. (0.30 mole) of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in 250 g. of concentrated sulfuric acid is stirred and cooled in an ice-salt bath while a solution of 40 g. of fuming nitric acid and 55 g. of concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise. The mixture is stirred in the cold for 1 hour after completion of the addition and then is poured on crushed ice. The precipitated crude nitration product (63 g.) after removal by filtration, washing with water, and drying is extracted with several portions of boiling ammonia solution until most of the solid is in solution. The ammonia extracts are neutralized with dilute acid, and the precipitated solid is separated and reciystallized from glacial acetic acid, giving yellow needles, m.p. 255-257°. 

Ammonium nitrate is manufactured by the neutralization of nitric acid with gaseous ammonia in a strongly exothermic reaction ... 

Early production involved neutralization of concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide with nitric acid, followed by evaporation of much of the water and crystallization of the product. High capital, labor, and energy costs of this batch process have led to it being superseded by the Fauser continuous process or variations of this. The Fauser process contacts ammonia gas with concentrated nitric acid and uses the heat of reaction to evaporate a part of the original water... 

Write (a) formula unit, (b) total ionic, and (c) net ionic equations for the neutralization of aqueous ammonia with nitric acid. 

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