Ammonia hydroxide

The interaction described in Equation (148), in which C02 separates from the solution and ammonia hydroxide is formed, reduces the acidity of the solution causing precipitation of tantalum or niobium hydroxide. The hydroxide powder precipitated using ammonium carbonate is usually coarser and has better filtering properties. Changing the ammonium carbonate concentration and temperature of the solution allows some control over the particle size and filtering properties of the precipitated hydroxides. 

R.M.McCready et al.[l] demonstrate that the adding of O.IM NaCl to 0.33 M ammonia hydroxide enhances the deesterification more than twice. The adding of other chlorides, such as KCl, MgCb and CaCb also enhances the reaction. The effectiveness of the ions in relation to the deesterification and rate constant is arranged in the following order Ca>Mg>Na, K. The equal values of pH and ion strength prove that only the specific cation effect is responsible for the enhanced velocity. 

Filter through a 0.5-pm Zefluor absorb on a solid sorbent tube containing coconut shell charcoal desorb with ammonia hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide dilute. 

Most linear ceilulosics may be dissolved in solvents capable of breaking the strong hydrogen bonds. These solvents include aqueous solutions of inorganic acids, zinc chloride, lithium chloride, dimethyl dibenzyl ammonium hydroxide, and cadmium or copper ammonia hydroxide (Schweizer s reagent). Cellulose is also soluble in hydrazine, dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of formaldehyde, and dimethylformamide in the presence of lithium chloride. The product precipitated by the addition of nonsolvents to these solutions is highly amorphous and is called regenerated cellulose. 

In some cases where water is used as a cover for an acidic material, the addition of a base, such as sodium bicarbonate or ammonia hydroxide, in low concentrations has been suggested. In such cases, the effects of the heat of reaction from the neutralization and liberation of carbon dioxide from use of the carbonate must be taken into consideration. 

As a hard base, water prefers to coordinate to the harder acid Ba +, the softer base ammonia prefers to coordinate the softer acid Ag+ to form Ba(OH2) + and Ag(NH3)2+, respectively. Sulfates, sulfites, carbonates, phosphates, arsenates, oxides, and sulfides are virtually insoluble in ammonia. Hydroxides and amides are also very poorly soluble. 

Dissolve lOOO g of CP AlCt, 6H 0 in 10,000 cm of H O. Prepare an aqueous ammonia solution by adding 840 cm of concentrated ammonia hydroxide (about 30% NHj) to 1450 cm of H 0. Add the ammoniacal solution to the AlCl i solution until the pH is about 8. Allow the precipitate to settle and filter with a Buchner funnel. Wash five times by decantation with 5 cm of concentrated ammonia in 5000 cm of H3O. Allow the precipitate to settle and filter with a Buchner funnel. By the end of the fifth wash, the precipitate is very difhcull to settle since it has started to peptize. If a water wash containing no ammonia is used, peptization begins even during the first wash. 

Slowly stir the aniline into the nitromethane. If y°u are using ammonia hydroxide solution as a sensitizer, try to... 

Ammonia hydroxide and iodine—This material is EXTREMELY impact sensitive. Loud noises may cause it to detonate. 

The weight percent yield based on ammonia from ammonia hydroxide and ammonium nitrate was determined from an area percent gc of the isolated product. 

Ammonium hydroxide, another base commonly used in the laboratory, is a weaker base than the alkali bases, but at high concentrations is also highly corrosive and irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Additionally, ammonia gas is released from ammonia hydroxide solutions and this ammonia can be very irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. 

The groups of Song and Zhang et al. have used a combination of a sol-gel method and arrested precipitation to prepare nanocrystalline Y203-based upconverters [15,16]. They first prepared a gel from yttrium and lanthanide nitrates and ammonia hydroxide that was arrested by citrate ligands. Then, they calcinated the dried gel at 800°C and obtained upconverting nanocrystalline material. It has to be stated that methods that involve annealing/calcination always result in nanocrystalline material rather than colloidally stable nanoparticles. 

Ethylene adsorption was measured on a CuCl/y-alumina granular particles prepared by sol-gel/wet-impregnation method. A cuprous solution was synthesized by mixing cuprous chloride, ammonia hydroxide, ammonia citrate and deionized water with the composition of 1.98g 8.8ml 0.4g 20ml. About 180 mg of alumina sample was used in each adsorption measurement run by Cahn balance. Before each run, the sample was activated at 250°C for 4 hours in ethylene atmosphere to ensure that the Cu2+ ions, if any, were reduced to Cu" ions. Following that, the sample was exposed to nitrogen at 250°C for 2 more hours to completely remove the residual ethylene adsorbed on the sample. Finally, the sample was cooled down under vacuum (1.0 Pa) to the room temperature for adsorption measurement. 

Ammonia hydroxide Household ammonia Smelling salts... 

Base Polymer Hydrochloric Acid, 10% Ammonia Hydroxide 10% Ethylene Glycol Methanol Gasoline Motor Oil Brake Fluid Carbon Tetra- chloride Benzene ... 

Han et al. described the facile synthesis of ceria nanotubes via the precipitation of Ce(Ill) by ammonia hydroxide followed by an aging process that lasted for 45 days (Fig. 6.4). ... 

The electrodeposition process can also be combined with an AAO template for the fabrication of a metal-embedded hollow nanotube structure, that is, Ni-embedded silica nanotubes, as demonstrated by Xu et al. [79]. The fabrication starts with the electrodeposition of multiple segments of Ag/Ni/Ag (3 pm/3 pm/ 3 pm) nanowires with a diameter of 300 nm on nanoporous AAO templates (Figure 13.7d). Subsequently, a hydrolysis reaction of tetraethyl orthosiUcate was performed for 2-5 h to coat a 70 nm thick silica layer. Then, Ag was selectively etched in a mixture (4 1 1) of methanol, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia hydroxide to produce a hollow structure. Finally, Ag nanoparticles were functionalized on the surface by the reduction of Ag ions at 70 °C for 7 h in a composite solution of PVP (2.5xlO M in ethanol), silver nitrate (0.06 M), and ammonia hydroxide (0.12 M). The synthesized silica nanotubes exhibited a Ni-embedded hollow structure with Ag nanoparticles functionalized on the surface... 

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