7-aminobutanoic acid GABA

The commercially available lactam 76 is usable for amino acid synthesis as a chiral cyclic building block. 4-Fluoro- and 4,4-difluoro-3-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acids 79 and 81, potential inhibitors of y-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) aminotransferase, were synthesized as shown in Scheme 9.19 [39]. In this process, replacement of hydroxyl or carbonyl groups with fluorine was achieved by the use of DAST. Interestingly, the stereochemistry in substitution with DAST is retained [40], although it is by inversion in most cases [26]. Hydrolysis of 78 gave 80. 

There are a large variety of messengers, many of them quite simple molecules. Neurotransmitters include such compounds as acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, y-aminobutanoic acid (GABA), serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and even glycine (Fig. 5.3). 

Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy, is structurally related to the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA). 

Aminobutanoic acid known as 7 aminobutync acid (GABA) it is a 7 amino acid and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses... 

Strong acids or bases catalyze the hydrolysis of 2-pyrrohdinone to 4-aminobutanoic acid [y-aminobutyric acid [56-12-2] (GABA)]. GABA is involved in the functioning of the brain and nervous system and is of considerable interest as a potential dietary supplement (60). 

Activity Many neurotransmitters, e.g., Gly, Glu, GABA (see 4-aminobutanoic acid), histamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, (R)-adrenaline, serotonin are known among the A. and their derivatives. A. are precursors of many other cell components. 

Securinine is a GABA antagonist (see 4-aminobutanoic acid). It has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system with strychnine-like activity but lower toxicity. 

CAS 56-12-2 EINECS/ELINCS 200-258-6 Synonyms 4-Aminobutanoic acid y-Aminobutanoic acid 4-Aminobutyric acid 4-Amino-n-butyric acid DL-4-Aminobutyric acid y-Aminobutyric acid y-Amino-n-butyric acid Butanoic acid, 4-amino- Butyric acid, 4-amino- 3-Carboxypropyiamine GABA Giobuiin, immune human serum immugiobin Piperidic acid Piperidinic acid Classification Organic compd. nonprotein amino acid... 

The figure below shows the structure gamma-aminobutanoic acid, or GABA. This molecule is a neurotransmitter. Some of the effects of alcohol consumption are due to the interaction between ethanol and GABA. Write the correct molecular formula for this compound. 

Aminobutanoic acid (y-aminobutyric acid, or GABA) is found in high concentration (0.8 mM) in the brain, but in no significant amounts in any other mammalian tissue. GABA is synthesized in neural tissue by decarboxylation of the a-carboxyl group of glutamic acid and is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of invertebrates and possibly in humans as well ... 

Aminobutanoic acid (also known as y-aminobutyric acid or GABA) is an important mammalian neurotransmitter that exists as a neutral molecule. Analysis at neutral pH shows that it does not have a COOH unit or an NHg unit. Explain. 

Even the most simple non-a-amino carboxylic acids are important compounds. The initial focus is on the co-aminoalkanoic acids (the amino group is on the carbon furthest removed from the carboxyl group), since they describe the types of amino acids to be discussed. Perhaps the simplest non-a-amino carboxylic acid is 2-amino propanoic acid, which has the common name of p-alanine (7.1). 4-Aminobutanoic acid (7.2) is also known as y-aminobutyric acid and given the abbreviation GABA. 

A more widely used amino acid is Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutanoic acid), along with its synthetic derivatives. This stems from the fact that GABA is a mammalian neural transmitter (see chapter six, section 6.1) and preparation of GABA and analogs has received quite a bit of synthetic attention. 

The major synthetic use of GABA is to prepare functionalized and/or substituted GABA derivatives. A simple example reacted N-phthaloyl-4-aminobutanoic acid (1.210) with ethanolic bromine and red phosphorus to give ethyl 2-bromo-4-phthal-imido butanoate, 1211. Clearly, the labile bromine moiety in 1.211 can be converted to a variety of other functionality via elimination or substitution reactions, making it an important synthetic intermediate. This is illustrated with 4-amino-... 

Aminobutanoic acid (Y-aminobutyric acid, known as GABA) is an important mammalian neurotransmitter. There are several amino acids that have similar biological activities (GABA-ergic compounds possessing GABA-like activity) and they are collected into this section. This section also illustrates the utility of structurally simple amino acids. 

As mentioned, GABA is an important neural transmitter and deficiencies in GABA are associated with diseases that exhibit neuromuscular dysfunction such as epilepsy, Huntington s disease and Parkinson s disease. S-Aminopentanoic acid (S-aminovaleric acid, DAVA) is also a neurotransmitter and used for treatment of neuromuscular disease. In at least one study, 3-alkyl-4-aminobutanoic acid derivatives were shown to be in vitro activators of f glutamic acid decarboxylase and they showed anti-convulsant activity. ... 

Halo-acid derivatives are useful precursors to GABOB. Chlorination of 4-amino-butanoic acid (GABA - see section 6.1) gave 3-chloro-4-aminobutanoic acid (6.32)... 

Ibotenic acid is a likely carcinogen. In humans, poisoning is manifested by hallucinations. Ibotenic and tricholomic acids exhibit taste properties similar to those of monosodium glutamate (umami taste, see Section 8.3), but much more intense. Muscimol has similar effects as y-aminobutyric acid (GABA or 4-aminobutanoic acid), which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. 

Aminobutanoic acid, commonly known as y-aminobutyric acid or GABA, is a neurotransmitter. Explain why it cannot be synthesized by a Gabriel synthesis using 4-chlorobutanoic acid. What alternate chlorinated acid derivative might be used. 

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