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Amines norepinephrine

Conventionally called adrenergic neuron blockers, the last group of adrenoblockers are drugs that suppress synthesis, storage, and release of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin) in nerve endings. [Pg.162]

There are more than 10 billion neurons that make up the human nervous system, and they interact with one another through neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine, a number of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and in all likelihood, histamine and norepinephrine), certain amino acids and peptides, and adenosine are neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Amino acid neurotransmitters are glutamic and aspartic acids that excite postsynaptic membrane receptors of several neurons as well as y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, which are inhibitory neurotransmitters. Endorphins, enkephalins, and substance P are considered peptidergic transmitters. There are many compounds that imitate the action of these neurotransmitters. [Pg.179]

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are mitochondrial membrane enzymes. These flavin-dependent enzymes are responsible for the oxidative deamination of numerous endogenic and exogenic amines (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, etc.). MAO A and B take part in the regulation of these amines in many organs, such as the brain. The essential physiological role of these amines, especially in the central nervous system, has motivated the search for inhibitors of their catabolism in order to enhance the synaptic concentration of neuroamines. [Pg.262]

One of my patients regularly had a ferocious alligator come out from under her bed and snap its teeth at her This unwelcome bed partner only appeared when we were raising, or more commonly lowering, the patient s dose of amytriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant that blocks the reuptake of the biogenic amines norepinephrine and serotonin (and so potentiates them) and also blocks the action of acetylcholine (and so enfeebles that system). Now that we know that REM sleep dreaming is... [Pg.157]

Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (thy-meretics). Moclobemide is the only representative of this group. It produces a reversible inhibition of MAOa, which is responsible for inactivation of the amines norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin (A). Enzyme inhibition results in an increased concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. Moclobemide is less effective as an antidepressant than as a psychomotor stimulant. It is indicated only in depressions with extreme psychomotor slowing and is contraindicated in patients at risk of suicide. [Pg.228]

Within the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus the neurotransmitter amines norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) play a complex synergistic role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure (Meguid et al. 2000). In the lateral hypothalamus of laboratory animals, increased release of NE and DA is associated with inhibition of feeding, whereas in the ventromedial hypothalamus it is associated with stimulation of feeding. By contrast, release of 5-HT in the ventromedial hypothalamus is associated with inhibition of feeding. [Pg.12]

Diffuse systems Diffuse systems are broadly distributed, with single cells frequently sending processes to many different areas. The axons are fine and branch repeatedly to form synapses with many cells. Axons commonly have periodic enlargements (varicosities) that contain transmitter vesicles. The transmitters in diffuse systems are often amines (norepinephrine. dopamine, serotonin) or peptides that commonly exert actions on metabotropic receptors. Drugs that affect these systems will often have marked effects on such CNS functions as attention, appetite, and emotional states. [Pg.198]

Tranylcypromine (Parnate) Blocks metabolisni of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine) increasing the synaptic concentration of these transmiTters. Suppresses REM sleep. Used tu tiedt depression if tricyclic antidepressants fail and when electroconvulsive therapy fails or is refused. Also used to treat narcolepsy, phobic/anxiety states and Parkinson s disease. Hepatotoxicity, excessive CNS stimulation, orthostatic hypoten -sion. Overdose may cause agitation, hallucinations, hyperreflexia, hyperpyrexia, convulsions, altered blood pressure. ... [Pg.38]

Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers of the nervous system. They carry nerve impulses from one nerve cell (neuron) to another. The most important neurotransmitters are acetylcholine and three other amines norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. [Pg.220]

The nature of the binding of serotonin by platelets has been the subject of much study too. Hillarp et al. (1955) suggested that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may be involved in the binding of serotonin in platelets. Born et al. (1958) report the presence of large amounts of ATP in the platelets and consider the possibility of a direct combination of serotonin and ATP. The exact nature of such a combination is not clear, especially since the amounts of serotonin and ATP are not equivalent. However, it should be pointed out that the chromaffin granules of the adrenal medulla are also rich in ATP and bind another group of amines, norepinephrine and epi-... [Pg.147]

The enzyme catechol-0-methyl transferase (COMT, E.C. 2.1.1.6) catalyzes the transfer of an intact methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to a catecholamine as shown in below. This is representative of a group of enzymes which methylate small molecules such as the biogenic amines, norepinephrine, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (4). We have previously shown (5) by steady-... [Pg.15]

Numerous species of amphibians contain substances in their skin that render them noxious or toxic to potential predators. The active substances in the skin include amines (norepinephrine and histamine), piperidines, steroidal alkaloids, bufodienolides, and tetrodotoxin (reviews in Daly et al. 1978 Daly 1982). [Pg.294]

Fig. 2. Chemical stmcture of the endogenous catecholamines, epinephrine (8), and norepinephrine (7), and several synthetic phenethano1 amines that alter... Fig. 2. Chemical stmcture of the endogenous catecholamines, epinephrine (8), and norepinephrine (7), and several synthetic phenethano1 amines that alter...
As of the mid-1990s, use of MAOIs for the treatment of depression is severely restricted because of potential side effects, the most serious of which is hypertensive crisis, which results primarily from the presence of dietary tyramine. Tyramine, a naturally occurring amine present in cheese, beer, wine, and other foods, is an indirecdy acting sympathomimetic, that is, it potently causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The norepinephrine that is released interacts with adrenoceptors and, by interacting with a-adrenoceptors, causes a marked increase in blood pressure the resultant hypertension may be so severe as to cause death. [Pg.466]

Desipramine [50-47-5] (35) and nortriptyline [72-69-5] (36) are demethylated derivatives and principal metaboHtes of (32) and (33), respectively. Both compounds possess less sedative and stronger psychomotor effects than the tertiary amine counterparts, probably because tricycHcs containing secondary amine groups generally show greater selectivity for inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine compared with the reuptake of serotonin. Protriptyline [438-60-8] (37), a stmctural isomer of nortriptyline, is another important secondary amine that displays a similar clinical profile. [Pg.467]

Compounds stmcturaHy related to the endogenous sympathomimetic amines epinephrine and norepinephrine have classically been employed as appetite suppressants. These agents, of which amphetamine [300-62-9], is the prototypical example, generally retain the phenethyl amine, but lack... [Pg.215]

Epinephrine itself does find some use in clinical medicine. The drug is used in order to increase blood pressure in cases of circulatory collapse, and to relax the bronchial muscle in acute asthma and in anaphylactic reactions. These activities follow directly from the agent s physiologic role. The biogenetic precursor of epinephrine, norepinephrine, has activity in its own right as a mediator of sympathetic nerve action. (An apocryphal story has it that the term nor is derived from a label seen on a bottle of a key primary amine in a laboratory in Germany N ohne... [Pg.63]

Biogenic amines. A general term usually used to describe endogenous amine-containing compounds such as dopamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and norepinephrine that function as neurotransmitters. [Pg.450]

The phenyl ethanol amine derivatives epinephrine (U and norepinephrine ( ) are intimately associated with the sympathetic nervous system. These two neurotransmitter hor-... [Pg.19]

Catecholamines are biogenic amines with a catechol (o-dihydroxy-benzol) structure. They are synthesized in nerve endings from tyrosine and include dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and adrenaline (epinephrine). [Pg.335]


See other pages where Amines norepinephrine is mentioned: [Pg.677]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.135]    [Pg.2314]    [Pg.729]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.572]    [Pg.340]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.677]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.135]    [Pg.2314]    [Pg.729]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.572]    [Pg.340]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.687]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.438]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.687]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.260]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.290 ]




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