Amines monoethanolamine

As a primary amine, monoethanolamine will react with aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Additionally, monoethanolamine will react with aluminum, copper, and copper alloys to form complex salts. A violent reaction will occur with acrolein, acrylonitrile, epichlorohy-drin, propiolactone, and vinyl acetate. 

Expert Panel of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Final Report on the Safety Assessment for Diisopropano/amine, Triisopropano/amine, Isopropano/amine, Mixed Isopropano/amines, Sept. 26, 1986 Final Report for the Safety Assessment for Triethanolamine, Diethanolamine, Monoethanolamine, May 19, 1983. 

SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in ethanolamines is affected by temperature, amine solution strength, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Information on the performance of amines is available in the Hterature and from amine manufacturers. Values for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide mixtures in monoethanolamine and for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide in diethanolamine are given (36,37). SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine is provided (38). The effects of catalysts have been studied to improve the activity of amines and provide absorption data for carbon dioxide in both mono- and diethanolamine solutions with and without sodium arsenite as a catalyst (39). Absorption kinetics over a range of contact times for carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine have also been investigated (40). 

Monoethanolamine Systems. Monoethanolamine (MEA) is a primary amine that can meet nominal pipeline specifications for removing both H2S and CO 2. MEA is a stable compound and in the absence of other chemicals suffers no degradation or decomposition at temperatures up to its normal boiling point. MEA reacts with CO2 and HiS as follows ... 

Monoammonium phosphate Diammonium phosphate Nitric oxide Actylonitrile Caprolactam Monomethylamine Dimetliylamine Hexametliylenetetramine Trimetliylamine Monoethanolamine Dietlianolamine Trietlianolamine Hydrogen Cyanide Fatty nitrogen compounds (nitriles, amines, quaternary ammonimn compounds)... 

These processes are characterized by a high capability of absorbing large amounts of acid gases. They use a solution of a relatively weak base, such as monoethanolamine. The acid gas forms a weak bond with the base which can be regenerated easily. Mono- and diethanolamines are frequently used for this purpose. The amine concentration normally ranges between 15 and 30%. Natural gas is passed through the amine solution where sulfides, carbonates, and bicarbonates are formed. 

The most common corrosion inhibitors, which may form protective films on the metal surfaces, are borates, molybdates, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, silicates, amines, triazoles, and thiazioles (e.g., monoethanolamine, urotropin, thiodiglycol, and mercaptobenzothiazole). The addition of such inhibitors does not effectively protect against corrosion [137]. Some corrosion inhibitors are shown in Figure 14-3. 

LDPE or HDPE extracts has been determined colorimet-rically at 430 nm by oxidation with H202 in the presence of H2S04 [66]. p-Phenylenediamine derivatives such as Flexzone 3C, used as antiozonants in rubber products, have been determined colorimetrically after oxidation to the corresponding Wurster salts [67]. A wide range of amine AOs in polyolefins has been determined by the p-nitroaniline spectrophotometric procedure [68]. Monoethanolamine (MEA) in a slip agent in PE film has been determined as a salicylaldehyde derivative by spectrophotometric quantification at 385 nm [69]. Table 5.6 contains additional examples of the use of 1JV/VIS spectrophotometry for the determination of additives in polymers. 

ETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL MERCAPTAN DIMETHYL SULPHIDE ETHYL AMINE DIMETHYL AMIDE MONOETHANOLAMINE ETHYLENEDIAMINE ACRYLONITRILE PROPADIENE METHYL ACETYLENE ACROLEIN ACRYLIC ACID VINYL FORMATE ALLYL CHLORIDE 1 2 3-TRICHLOROPROPANE PROPIONITRILE CYCLOPROPANE PROPYLENE 1 2-DICHLOROPROPANE ACETONE ALLYL ALCOHOL PROPIONALDEHYDE PROPYLENE OXIDE VINYL METHYL ETHER PROPIONIC ACID ETHYL FORMATE METHYL ACETATE PROPYL CHLORIDE ISOPROPYL CHLORIDE PROPANE... 

The most widely used amine is monoethanolamine (MEA), which is considered as a benchmark solvent because of its high cyclic capacity, significant absorption-stripping kinetic rates at low C02 concentration and high solubility in water. Some other amine-based solvents such as diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), diglycolamine (DGA), N-methyldiethanol-amine (MDEA), piperazine (PZ), 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) and N-(2-aminoeth-yl)piperazine (AEP) have also traditionally been utilised. 

Absorbents based on a variety of amines are by far the most common. Amines that have been used include monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), and digly-colamine (DGA). C02 is typically absorbed at 80-140°F temperature and up to 1000 psig pressure by chemically reacting with the basic amine functional group in the absorbent, for example, primary amine, MEA, reacts with C02 by the following reaction forming a carbamate salt ... 

Amine Guard A process for extracting acid gases from refinery streams by scrubbing with an alkanolamine. Many such processes have been developed, this one was developed by the Union Carbide Corp. and uses monoethanolamine. It has been used to purify hydrogen produced by steam reforming. In 1990, over 375 units were operating. 

A Du Pont patent " reports that tungsten nitride preferably supported on alumina or titania is an active catalyst for amination by reaction of an alcohol with an amine in the presence of hydrogen. Examples are given of the amination of monoethanolamine by diethylenetriamine and amination of mon-oethanolamine by ethylenediamine. 

About 60% of the radioactivity in [I CJtriethanolamine applied to mouse skin (1000 mg/kg bw) was excreted in 48 h in urine and 20% in faeces, with less than 10% found in the skin at the site of application. The biotransformation of [ C]triethanol-amine to monoethanolamine and diethanolamine was specifically investigated in mice after both intravenous and dermal treatments. Neither of the hypothetical metabolites... 

Alkanolamines. Gas sweetening, ie, removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, using alkanolamines was patented in 1930. Several amine solvents are available as of the mid-1990s. The most widely used are monoethanolamine [141-43-5], diethanolamine [111-42-2], diglycolamine [929-06-6], and methyldiethanolamine [105-59-9]. Amine processes are generally applicable when hydrogen sulfide concentration in the feed gas is relatively low (eg,... 

On prolonged storage, glycol ethers have been shown to form peroxy compounds which can adversely affect the dyes normally used in glass cleaners. Morpholine, Ammonia, or other volatile amines may be used in place of the Monoethanolamine. 

Since that time, a general correlation between yield of extract and carbon content has been reported for ethylenediamine (Table 10.2). Various other amine solvents (e.g., monoethanolamine) show similar behavior insofar as the extract yield may decrease markedly with increase in rank for coals under 85% carbon. On the other hand, the yield of extract using solvents such as benzylamine, piperidine, and pyridine may show much less variation with rank, and the effectiveness of many solvents may decrease markedly for coal having more than 88% carbon (van Krevelen, 1965). 

Complex formation between Nb(OH)s and methylamine has been established582 by an n.m.r. study. Two signals are observed in the n.m.r. spectrum of an aqueous solution of methylamine containing Nb(OH)5. One of these is due to the methyl protons of the amine and the other to the rapidly exchanging protons of the OH, NH2, and H20 groups. The i.r. spectra of solutions and precipitates formed by Nb(OH)5 and methylamine or monoethanolamine have been interpreted583 in terms of Nb—N co-ordination. Niobium oxohalide complex formation with tri-n-octylamine has been studied by reverse ebullioscopy.584... 

In an amine system, one way to increase absorption is to increase amine concentration. A higher amine concentration requires 1) more extensive filtration to keep the solution clean and 2) the addition of corrosion inhibitors and to minimize corrosion. Another option is to change from monoethanolamine (MEA) to methyl diethanolamine (MDEA)86. 

Amine solvents are widely used for sour gas removal, in syngas, fertilizer and natural gas plants. They are mainly used to withdraw the sour components CO2 and H2S from process gas streams, and the process is usually carried out in packed-bed columns. Depending on the specifics of a particular process, either aqueous primary (e.g., monoethanolamine, MEA), secondary (e.g., diethanolamine, DEA), tertiary (e.g., methyldiethanolamine, MDEA) amines or aqueous amine blends are employed. 

In this case, carbon dioxide reacts reversibly in the adsorber with aqueous alkaline solutions to form a carbonate adduct (configuration 1). This adduct decomposes in the stripper upon heating. In early ammonia plants, an aqueous solution of 15-20 wt % monoethanolamine (MEA) was always standard for removing CO2. Primary alkanolamine solutions, however, require a relatively high heat of regeneration so that, nowadays, secondary and tertiary ethanol amines are mainly used. 

Because of the reducing nature of the product gas, heteroatoms (sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine) appear in reduced form, that is, sulfur appears as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen as ammonia, and chlorine as hydrogen chloride. In most cases, these materials are scrubbed from the product gas before it is burned. Ammonia and HC1 are very water soluble and are easily removed by a water wash. A number of processes have been developed for H2S removal many of these process are based on absorption in solutions of amines, such as monoethanolamine (MEA). 

When monoethanolamine is stored in large quantities, stainless steel is preferable for long-term storage. Copper, copper alloys, zinc, and galvanized iron are corroded by amines... 

---