American Petroleum Institute Standard

American Petroleum Institute Standard 650,1977 ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., paragraphs 3.5.2el, 3.5.2e3. 

Detecting Leaks Small leaks are difficult to detect. The USEPA and American Petroleum Institute standard for nonlealdng underground tanks is 0.05 gaUh (3.15 cmVmin), above which a tank is considered to be leaking. Leak detection measurements can be influenced by many factors, making it difficult to detect small leaks. 

Standard turboexpander-compressor sets designed and manufactured by competent manufactureres embody many of the reliability improvement and maintenance cost reduction features inherent in API (American Petroleum Institute) standards for other turbomachines. To achieve close compliance, however, the owner/purchasers must know their specific needs or requirements. Nevertheless, it may not be practical, feasible, or economically justified to achieve full compliance with API specifications, which were generally devised without giving thought to the peculiarities of turboexpanders and their sometimes differing operating environments. 

The spiral-lobe and helical-screw compressors are rotary positive-displacement machines and quite adaptable to a wide assortment of process and refrigeration gases. This class of equipment is usually built to comply with the American Petroleum Institute Standard 619. These units oper-... 

American Petroleum Institute, Standard 618, Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Service, (latest edition) 1220 L Street N.W., Washington, DC., 20005. 

American Petroleum Institute. Standard 2510, Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Cas (LPG) Installations. Prepared in conjunction with the American National Standards Institute. Washington, D.C. 

American Petroleum Institute. Standard 2510A, Fire Protection... 

American Petroleum Institute. Standard 2508, Design and Construction Ethane and Ethylene Installations at Marine and Pipeline Terminals,... 

Details of the construction features of air-cooled exchangers are given by Ludwig (1965). The construction features of air-cooled heat exchangers are covered by the American Petroleum Institute standard, API 661. 

Liquids are most economically stored in bulk containers. When large quantities above 25,000 gal must be stored, the tanks should be constructed to the dimensions given by the American Petroleum Institute Standards (see Table 5-2). These tanks must be field-erected. For smaller quantities more economical shop-constructed tanks should be specified. Field fabrication is always more expensive than shop fabrication. A shop-constructed item, in general, must be less than 11.5 ft (3.5 m) in diameter, so that it can be shipped by truck or train. For any piece of equipment that must be shop-fabricated, or for which the cost of field construction is prohibitive, this limitation should be noted. When barges may be used for transportation, this limitation does not hold. 

Selected American Petroleum Institute Standards (API, Washington. 

Chemicals. The o-xylene was an American Petroleum Institute standard sample, with stated impurities of 0.005 0.004 mole %. Other hydrocarbons were purified by gas chromatography. Purity was checked by gas chromatography on three columns of different selectivity except for 0.02% p-xylene in the m-xylene, no more than 0.002% of any impurity was detected. Samples were stored in vacuo. 

Oil sands are unconsolidated sandstone deposits of a very heavy hydrocarbon bitumen. Bitumen is chemically similar to conventional oil but has comparatively high density (low gravity per American Petroleum Institute standards) and high viscosity. Based on United Nations Institute for Training and Research discussions aimed at establishing definitions for heavy crude oil and oil (tar) sands (1-3), bitumen can be placed in the context of other crude oils as shown in Table I. 

API (American Petroleum Institute) standards are commonly referenced for the purchase of compressors and pumps for oil refineries... 

American Petroleum Institute Standards No. 12A, Specification for Oil Storage Tanks with Riveted Shells, Seventh Edition, September 1951, or No. 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, Third Edition, 1966. 

American Petroleum Institute Standards No. 12B, Specification for Bolted Production... 

B) Normal vents shall be sized either in accordance with (1) The American Petroleum Institute Standard 2000 (1968), Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks or (2) other accepted standard or (3) shall be at least as large as the filling or withdrawal connection, whichever is larger but in no case less than 1 Va inch (3.175 cm) nominal inside diameter. 

These functions are no longer the same as the ones that governed the choice and sizing of longitudinal separators, especially API separators (i.e. designed according to American Petroleum Institute standards) before the 1960s. There are two reasons for this ... 

These custom oil/water separators are designed per American Petroleum Institute standards (API) for above and below ground installations. Prefabricated assemblies are available up to 14-ft wide by 140 ft long [33,34]. 

American Petroleum Institute, Standard 612—Special Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Service, 3d ed., API, Washington, 1987. 

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