Longitudinal separation

In analogy with Eq. (191) there is also a ratio of the mean longitudinal separation distance between two photon wavepackets situated on a common axis and the individual wavepacket length 2zo, as given by... 

These functions are no longer the same as the ones that governed the choice and sizing of longitudinal separators, especially API separators (i.e. designed according to American Petroleum Institute standards) before the 1960s. There are two reasons for this ... 

Although this technique requires more costly civil engineering work, it is now making a comeback as it can solve a number of the problems posed by longitudinal separators ... 

By lowering the Reynolds number of the water flow and causing more even distribution. Numbers from 400 to 1600 are encountered depending on the temperature and the capacities used. Meanwhile, these values rise above 5000 in longitudinal separators at maximum allowable velocities. 

Braun and Hauck [3] discovered that the irrotational and solenoidal components of a 2-D vector field can be imaged separately using the transverse and longitudinal measurements, respectively. This result has a clear analogy in a 2-D tensor field. We can distinguish three types of measurements which determine potentials of the symmetric tensor field separately ... 

The long leaf fibers contribute strength to the leaves of certain nonwoody, monocotyledonous plants. They extend longitudinally the hiU length of the leaf and are buried in tissues of a parenchymatous nature. The fibers found nearest the leaf surface are the strongest. The fibers are separated from the pulp tissue by scraping because there is Htde bonding between fiber and pulp this operation is called decortication. Leaf fiber strands are also multiceUed in stmcture. 

Most of the lasers discussed operate in a small number of discrete longitudinal modes, the Fabry-Perot modes. The individual modes are very narrow, much less than 0.01 nm, but are separated by spectral distances of ca 1.0 nm. Thus the overall width of the laser spectmm may exceed 4—5 nm. 

Spray Dryers A spray diyer consists of a large cyhndrical and usu ly vertical chamber into which material to be dried is sprayed in the form of small droplets and into which is fed a large volume of hot gas sufficient to supply the heat necessary to complete evaporation of the liquid. Heat transfer and mass transfer are accomphshed by direct contact of the hot gas with the dispersed droplets. After completion of diying, the cooled gas and solids are separated. This may be accomplished partially at the bottom of the diying chamber by classification and separation of the coarse dried particles. Fine particles are separated from the gas in external cyclones or bag collectors. When only the coarse-particle fraction is desired for fini ed product, fines may be recovered in wet scrubbers the scrubber liquid is concentrated and returned as feed to the diyer. Horizontal spray chambers are manufactured with a longitudinal screw conveyor in the bottom of the diying chamber for continuous removal of settled coarse particles. 

The enclosure, however, should be insulated at all such locations, where the IPB terminates with another equipment, such as at the generator, GT, UATs, VTs, and the NGT to avoid longitudinal currents through such equipment. These equipments are grounded separately. 

Figure 6-33. The coupling hole alignment tool (CHAT) has a longitudinally split sleeve for greater expansion. Like the radial fit bolt, it is hydraulically tensioned, but there is no hydraulic separation of core and sleeve.

At about 10 55 a.m., the thirty-second and thirty-third car ruptured almost simultaneously. One of them split longitudinally but did not separate into projectiles. 

Interpretation of data obtained under the conditions of uniaxial extension of filled polymers presents a severe methodical problem. Calculation of viscosity of viscoelastic media during extension in general is related to certain problems caused by the necessity to separate the total deformation into elastic and plastic components [1]. The difficulties increase upon a transition to filled polymers which have a yield stress. The problem on the role and value of a yield stress, measured at uniaxial extension, was discussed above. Here we briefly regard the data concerning longitudinal viscosity. 

Van Deemter considered peak dispersion results from four spreading processes that take place in a column, namely, the Multi-Path Effect, Longitudinal Diffusion, Resistance to Mass Transfer in the Mobile Phase and Resistance to Mass Transfer in the Stationary Phase. Each one of these dispersion processes will now be considered separately... 

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