Alveolar receptors

Maus U, von Grote K, Kuziel WA, et al. The role of CC chemokine receptor 2 in alveolar monocyte and neutrophil immigration in intact mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 166 268-273. 

W. W. Liang, X. Shi, D. Deshpande, C. J. Malanga, and Y. Rojanasakul, Oligonucleotide targeting to alveolar macrophages by mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1279 (1996) 227-234. 

Pendino, K.J. et al., Induction of functionally active platelet activating factor receptors in rat alveolar macrophages, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 19165, 1993. 

Haeberle, H.A., et al., Respiratory syncytial virus-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in the lung involves alveolar macrophages and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways, J. Infect. Dis. 186, 9, 1199, 2002. 

Matsunaga, K. et al., Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages to Legionella pneumophila infection by nicotine, J. Immunol.. 167, 6518, 2001. 

Shirasawa M, Fujiwara N, Hirabayashi S, Ohno H, Iida J, Makita K, Hata Y (2004) Receptor for advanced glycation end-products is a marker of type I lung alveolar cells. Genes Cells 9(2) 165-174... 

Lung compliance in vivo Ciliary beat assays in vitro Mucus level assays in vitro Alveolar Type II cell surfactant secretion assay in vitro Pharmacological profiling — binding or functional assays at receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transporters... 

The mechanism of action of inhalational anesthetics is unknown. The diversity of chemical structures (inert gas xenon hydrocarbons halogenated hydrocarbons) possessing anesthetic activity appears to rule out involvement of specific receptors. According to one hypothesis, uptake into the hydrophobic interior of the plasmalemma of neurons results in inhibition of electrical excitability and impulse propagation in the brain. This concept would explain the correlation between anesthetic potency and lipophilicity of anesthetic drugs (A). However, an interaction with lipophilic domains of membrane proteins is also conceivable. Anesthetic potency can be expressed in terms of the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) at which 50% of patients remain immobile following a defined painful stimulus (skin incision). Whereas the poorly lipophilic N2O must be inhaled in high concentrations (>70% of inspired air has to be replaced), much smaller concentrations (<5%) are required in the case of the more lipophilic halothane. 

The airway effects of released acetylcholine are mediated via activation of three distinct muscarinic receptor subtypes Mj, in parasympathetic ganglia, mucous glands and alveolar walls autoinhibitory M2, in parasympathetic nerve terminals and M3, in airway smooth muscle, mucus glands, and airway epithelium. 

Durham RM, Moran JJ, Mazuski JE, Shapiro MJ, Baue AE, Flint LM (2003) Multiple organ failure in trauma patients. J Trauma 55(4) 608-616 Eckle T, Grenz A, Laucher S, Eltzschig HK (2008) A2B adenosine receptor signaling attenuates acute lung injury by enhancing alveolar fluid clearance in mice. J Clin Invest 118(10) 3301-3315... 

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