Aluminum steam, corrosion

Figure 5. Oxide platelets viewed by electron silhouette on aluminum after corrosion for 30 hours in steam at 5 °C (4)...

Carboxybenzotriazole corrosion inhibitor, aluminum steam generators... 

Boiler Deposits. Deposition is a principal problem in the operation of steam generating equipment. The accumulation of material on boiler surfaces can cause overheating and/or corrosion. Both of these conditions frequentiy result in unscheduled downtime. Common feed-water contaminants that can form boiler deposits include calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, aluminum, siUca, and (to a lesser extent) silt and oil. Most deposits can be classified as one of two types scale that crystallized directiy onto tube surfaces or sludge deposits that precipitated elsewhere and were transported to the metal surface by the flowing water. 

It is concluded that elimination of the separate catalyst complex phase in the AICI3 alkylation process adds significantly to its attractiveness. In addition to the ease with which a liquid phase catalyst can overcome any poisoning and get back on stream, the new homogeneous process can operate at higher temperatures and recover the heat of reaction to generate steam. It can also operate in a less corrosive environment while producing an ethylbenzene product of exceptional purity and can reduce the amount of aluminum chloride required several fold. 

ACGIH TLV TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. The dust is an irritant by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Highly exothermic polymerization reactions with alkenes. Incompatible with nitrobenzenes or nitrobenzene + phenol. Highly exothermic reaction with water or steam produces toxic ftimes of HCl. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORIDES, and HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation unspecified effects on olfaction and respiratory systems. Corrosive effects on the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes by inhalation. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Violent or explosive reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide, and aluminum chloride + naphthalene. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with dimethyl sulfoxide, (NaNs + KOH), water, steam, and oxidizers. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CT, See also CHLORIDES and ALDEHYDES. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE A poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by skin contact. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Moderately explosive when exposed to heat. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Dangerous reactions with metals e.g., sodium (mixture explodes on impact), potassium (explodes on contact), aluminum (ignition after a delay period). Reacts violently with A1 foil. CdS. PbS. organic matter. P. PCI3. rubber. Ag2S. ZnS. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of CL and I and may explode. See also IODINE and CHLORIDES. 

ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE (10025-91-9) Cl3Sb Contact with moist air forms corrosive hydrogen chloride fumes. Contact with water, steam forms hydrochloric acid and toxic antimony oxychloride. Aqueous solution is an acid. Violent reaction with ammonia, strong bases, amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides alkali metals finely divided aluminum potassium, sodium. Attacks metals, releasing flammable... 

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