Aluminum-iron compounds

Compounds containing fluorine and chlorine are also donors to BF3. Aqueous fluoroboric acid and the tetrafluoroborates of metals, nonmetals, and organic radicals represent a large class of compounds in which the fluoride ion is coordinating with trifluoroborane. Representative examples of these compounds are given in Table 5. Coordination compounds of boron trifluoride with the chlorides of sodium, aluminum, iron, copper, 2inc, tin, and lead have been indicated (53) they are probably chlorotrifluoroborates. 

Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate is prepared by dissolving aluminum or aluminum hydroxide in dilute nitric acid, and crystaUi2ing the product from the resulting aqueous solution. It is made commercially from aluminous materials such as bauxite. Iron compounds may be extracted from the solution with naphthenic acids (21) before hydrate precipitation. In the laboratory it is prepared from aluminum sulfate and barium nitrate. 

Ash is the inorganic residue that remains after the coal has been burned under specified conditions, and it is composed largely of compounds of sihcon, aluminum, iron, and calcium, and minor amounts of compounds of magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, sulfur, and titanium. Ash may vaiy considerably from the original mineral matter, which is largely kaolinite, iUite, montmoriUonite, quartz, pyrites, and gypsum. 

Electroplating. Typical wastes produced include spent process solutions containing copper, nickel, chromium, brass, bronze, zinc, tin, lead, cadmium, iron, aluminum, and compounds formed from these metals. 

There are two kinds of substances—elements and compounds. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Elements cannot be made by the combination of simpler substances. There are slightly more than 100 elements, and every material object in the universe consists of one or more of these elements. Familiar substances which are elements include carbon, aluminum, iron, copper, gold, oxygen, and hydrogen. 

Iron (Fe), 74 490-529. See also Fe entries Ferr- entries Iron compounds Ironmaking processes Manganese ferroalloys MoFe protein Nickel-chromium—iron alloys Nickel—iron-aluminum catalyst Ni-Fe-base alloys VFe protein... 

The soil solution will contain numerous inorganic and organic compounds derived from the solid components making up the soil. Common compounds include oxides, particularly those of silicon, aluminum, iron, and titanium in low concentrations. These compounds move down the soil profile sometimes contributing to formations such as the spodic horizon, which can contain aluminum and iron oxides along with highly decomposed carbon. 

Looking for a more efficient catalyst to carry out this reaction thus became the most important issue. To achieve this, a large number of common Lewis acids were screened, including the halides of aluminum, iron, zinc, titanium, zirconium, nickel, copper, tin and lead. A number of these compounds did show activities as ether cleavage catalysts. The most effective catalysts were the halides... 

Iron(III) oxide or alumina is refined from bauxite. Approximately 175 million tons of bauxite are mined annually worldwide, with virtually all of this processed into alumina. Alumina is a white crystalline substance that resembles salt. Approximately 90% of all alumina is used for making aluminum, with the remainder used for abrasives and ceramics. Alumina is produced from bauxite using the Bayer process patented in 1887 by Austrian Karl Josef Bayer (1847-1904). The Bayer process begins by grinding the bauxite and mixing it with sodium hydroxide in a digester. The sodium hydroxide dissolves aluminum oxide components to produce aluminum hydroxide compounds. For gibbsite, the reaction is Al(OH)3 + NaOH —> Al(OH)4 + Na+. Insoluble impurities such as silicates, titanium oxides, and iron oxides are removed from the solution while sodium hydroxide is recovered and recycled. Reaction conditions are then... 

Dyeing - [PROPYLENE OXIDE] (Vol 20) -with azo dyes [AZO DYES] (Vol 3) -iron compounds m [IRON COMPOUNDS] (Vol 14) -monobasic aluminum acetate [ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS - ALUMINUM CARBOXYLATES] (Vol 2) -of textiles [FIBERS - SURVEY] (Vol 23) -use of chelating agents [CHELATING AGENTS] (Vol 5) -wool [WOOL] (Vol 25)... 

Flame retardant - [ALUMENUMCOMPOUNDS - ALUMINUM SULFATE AND ALUMS] (Vol 2) - [AMMONIUMCOMPOUNDS](Vol2) - [VINYL POLYMERS - VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMERS] (Vol24) -ethyleneimines [IMINES, CYCLIC] (Vol 14) -filler for [LEAD COMPOUNDS - LEAD SALTS] (Vol 15) -iron compounds as [IRON COMPOUNDS] (Vol 14) -magnesium hydroxide as filler [MAGNESIUMCOMPOUNDS] (Vol 15)... 

Oxy)(hydr)oxide compounds Nonsilicate, crystalline, or amorphous solids that contain oxide (O2-), hydroxide (OH-), or oxyhydroxide (OOH3-) as the major anion. Common cations include aluminum, iron(II), iron(III), or manganese. 

Organic constituents that may be found in ppb levels in WP/F smoke include methane, ethylene, carbonyl sulfide, acetylene, 1,4-dicyanobenzene, 1,3-dicyanobenzene, 1,2-dicyanobenzene, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile (Tolle et al. 1988). Since white phosphorus contains boron, silicon, calcium, aluminum, iron, and arsenic in excess of 10 ppm as impurities (Berkowitz et al. 1981), WP/F smoke also contains these elements and possibly their oxidation products. The physical properties of a few major compounds that may be important for determining the fate of WP/F smoke in the environment are given in Table 3-3. 

Aluminum, iron, tin, lead, and some other metals do not have the power of forming such ammonio compounds. 

The wet oxide reacts explosively with molten aluminum-magnesium aUoys. Violent reaction when heated with powdered aluminum, calcium disilicide, magnesium, metal acetyKdes (e.g., calcium acetyKde + iron(III) chloride (on ignition), cesium acetyKde (incandescent reaction when warmed), rubidium acetyKde). Reacts violently with Al, Ca(OCl)2, N2H4, ethylene oxide. See also IRON and IRON COMPOUNDS. 

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