Aluminium lactate

Borm, P.J., Donaldson, K., and Stone, V., Aluminium lactate heatment of DQ12 quartz inhibits its ability to cause inflammation, chemokine expression, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 176, 10-17,2001. 

Colorless and transparent aluminium phosphate gels and glasses with P/Al ratios ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 were prepared via the sol-gel process using aluminium lactate and phosphoric acid as precursors. 

Aluminium lactate instillation into the ovine tracheal lobe suppressed the increase in phospholipids induced by silica dust (Begin et al. 1989). 

The most commonly used abrasive substances are micronized sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate (meta and piro), sodium metaphosphate, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium lactate, alumina, silicates (silice xerogel and aerogel), citroxain (a mixture of the papain enzyme, sodium citrate and alumina). 

Exudation occurs in response to environmental constraints, especially P deficiency (e.g., Jones 1998 Hinsinger et al. 2003) and differs depending on the P-form (Lambers et al. 2002) and plant species (Nuruzzaman et al. 2006). Banksia grandis exuded citrate, malate, and trans-aconitate when supplied with aluminium-phosphate. It exuded less of these tricarboxylates and dicarboxylates, but instead lactate and acetate, when supplied with iron-phosphate (Lambers et al. 2002). Plant species differ in their abilities to use various P species (van Ray and van Diest 1979), which can be due to differences in their exudation behavior (Nuruzzaman et al. 2006) and acidification of the root zone (Haynes 1992). This can influence the interspecific competition and coexistence of species, as we will discuss later. 

Aqua, ammonium lactate, aluminium starch octenylsuccinate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, isopropyl palmitate, polymethyl... 

For chronic use, e.g. hypoparathyroidism, alfa-calcidol or calcitriol are needed. Dietary calcium is increased by giving calcium gluconate (an effervescent tablet is available) or lactate. Aluminium hydroxide binds phosphate in the gut causing hypo-phosphataemia, which stimulates renal formation of the most active vitamin D metabolite and usefully enhances calcium absorption. 

A 59-year-old man presented with end-stage renal insufficiency. While on hemodialysis he had used aluminium hydroxide as a phosphate binder but then used calcium lactate instead after total parathyroidectomy. Oral vitamin D was discontinued after the parathyroidectomy. However, after he had received a renal transplant he developed aluminium-related bone disease and was treated with infusions of deferoxamine. 

Metals other than those in supplement formulations are used extensively in pharmaceutical products and are added at various concentrations as an aid to health benefits, or as fillers or encapsulants. Magnesium hydroxide is used as a gentle laxative while aluminium present as hydroxide, lactate, salicyclates, acetates and alums is used frequently in a number of dermatological products. Metals in creams, lotions and powders are also part of the pharmaceuticals range. The metals formulated into pharmaceutical products are salts of p-block metal ions and the following is a brief outline of their use in medicine ... 

Table 8 Stability constants of aluminium-propionate and -lactate...

Stepwise formation constants and free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes have been calculated for the 1 1, 1 2, and 1 3 complexes of AP" with malonate and succinate ions. Table 8 gives the calculated values for the stability constants of aluminium complexes with propionate and lactate ions in aqueous solutions, with I = 1. Solution calorimetry was used to determine values for the enthalpies of formation of tris(tropolonato)Al " and tris(4-methyltropolonato)Al " (Table 9) they were used to derive gas-phase enthalpies of formation, and hence the A1—O bond energies. ... 

The emulsifying salts most commonly used are citrates, phosphates, polyphosphates, and sodium aluminium phosphates (Caric and Kalab, 1987) (Table XI). Other potential emulsifying agents include gluconates, lactates, malates, ammonium salts, glucono lactones, and tartarates (Price and Bush, 1974). Today, salts are generally supplied as blends of phosphates (e.g., Joha C special) or phosphates and citrates (e.g., Solva NZ 10), tailor-made to the processor s requirements. 

Like calcium stearates, calcium lactates are produced by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 with lactic acid and/or stearic acid to form the calcium stear-oyl-2-lactylate, respectively. Besides the conventional acid scavenging performance which is analogous to the stearates, the lactic acid derivatives are able to form chelate complexes with residual amounts of aluminium and titanium via the free OH group present. 

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