Alteromonas species

Alteromonas species producing sodium channel blockers, 80r,82 Anabaena flos-aquae neurotoxins, 88 toxic principle, 108 Analyses, definition, 43 Anatoxin(s) isolation, 88 types, 88,91 Anatoxin a... 

DeFrank 11, WT Beaudry, T-C Cheng, SP Harvey, AN Stroup, LL Szafraniec (1993) Screening of halophiliuc bacteria and Alteromonas species for organophosphorus hydrolyzing enzyme activity. Chem-Biol Interact 87 141-148. 

Yamano, N. Higashida, N. En(k>, C. Sakata, N. Fujishima, S. Maruyama, A. Higashihara, T. (2000) Purification and charactaization of Y-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase from a psychrotrophic marine bacterium, Alteromonas species. Mar. Biotechnol., 2, 57-64. 

DeFrank, J.J. et al. Screening of halophilic bacteria and Alteromonas species for organophosphorus hydrolyzing activity, Chem. Biol. Interact., 87, 141, 1993. 

The above described rationale of SAR can be exemplified by the bioactivities of the bromotyrosine derivatives, aeroplysinin-1 and dienone, as well as their complicated molecular substrates aerophobin-1 and isofistularin-3, isolated from the Mediterranean sponge, Aplysina aerophoba. Aeroplysinin-1 and dienone exhibit pronounced biological activity whereas aerophobin-1 and isofistularin-3 were always inactive when tested in equimolar concentrations [23]. Aeroplysinin-1 and dienone are antibiotically active against a broad spectrum of marine bacteria such as Vibrio, Micrococcus, and Alteromonas species [24] and are also cytotoxic to Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and HeLa tumour cells in the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) and clonogenic assays [25]. In these assays, it has been demonstrated that the free radical transformation of aeroplysinin-1 and dienone to its semiquinone structures are responsible for the cytotoxicity [25], Aeroplysinin-1 and dienone are the pharmacophores of aerophobin-1 and isofistularin-3. 

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) are potent sodium channel blockers that are found in phylogenetically diverse species of marine life. The wide distribution of TTX and STX has resulted in speculation that bacteria are the source of these toxins. Recently, investigators have reported isolation of marine bacteria, including Vibrio Alteromonas, Plesiomonas, and Pseudomonas species, that produce TTX and STX. This chapter details the methods and results of research to define bacterial sources of TTX and STX. 

The newly defined Alteromonas genus comprises few validly described species, namely A. macleodii, A. marina, A. stellipolaris, A. litorea and A. addita. The structure investigation of the LPS structures from bacteria belonging to this genus has... 

Two rather interesting racemic syntheses for allylic methylated fatty acids have been recently accomplished [15]. One of these corresponds to the intriguing (12 )-11-methyl-12-octadecenoic acid (6), a marine bacterial fatty acid that in most reported identifications from natural sources has been shown to have the E double bond stereochemistry, but both Z,E isomers have been synthesized [15]. This mainly bacterial fatty acid was initially isolated from Byrsocarpus coccineus seed oil [16], but later it was reported in a bacterium associated with cat scratch disease [17], in Mycobacterium fallax [18], and most recently in a Pseudomonas sp. (.Alteromonas) associated with both the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis lenticularis and several Caribbean Palythoa species [15]. More recently, acid 6 has been identified as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the bacterial acid 10,13-epoxy-l l-methyloctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, a furan fatty acid identified in several marine bacteria such as Shewanella putrefaciens [19-20]. 

Sawyer, W.H. Baumann, R Baumann, L. Pathways of D-D-fructose and D-glucose catabolism in marine species of Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marina, and Alteromonas communis. Arch. Microbiol, 112, 169-172 (1977)... 

Finally, the species Shewanella fidelis, an optional anaerobic y-proteobacterium, has a LPS that contains an atypical amino acid, N [(S)-l-carboxyethyl]-L-lysine (Kilcoyne et al., 2004), but this is not present in Schewanella pacifica (Silipo et al, 2005d). The species Marinomonas vaga and Alteromonas addita have a LPS with short-chain fatty acids (Cio, Ci2, and C14) (Krasikova et cd., 2004 Leone et al, 2007). ... 

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