Anabaena flos-aquae neurotoxins

Alteromonas species producing sodium channel blockers, 80r,82 Anabaena flos-aquae neurotoxins, 88 toxic principle, 108 Analyses, definition, 43 Anatoxin(s) isolation, 88 types, 88,91 Anatoxin a... 

Anatoxins. Neurotoxins produced by filamentous Anabaena flos-aquae are called anatoxins (ANTXS) 15). Currently two anatoxins, from different strains of A. flos-aquae, have been isolated and at least partially characterized. ANTX-A from strain (single filament isolate) NRC-44-1 is the first toxin from a freshwater... 

Himberg, K. 1989. Determination of anatoxin-a. the neurotoxin of Anabaena flos-aquae cyanobacterium, in algae and water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 481,358-362. 

Cook, W., Beasley, V., Lovell, R., Dahlem, A., Hooser, S., Mahamood, N., and Carmichael, W. (1989). Consistent inhibition of peripheral chohnesterase by neurotoxins from the freshwater cyanobacteriun Anabaena flos-aquae studies of duck, swine, mice and steer. Envir. Toxicol. Chem. 8, 915-922. 

Mahmood, N. A., and Carmichael, W. W. (1986). The pharmacology af anatoxin-a(s), a neurotoxin produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena flos aquae NRC-525-17. Toxicon 24,425 34. 

Anatoxin-a(s) (Fig. 3.4) was discovered by Mahmood and Carmichael as a metabolite of Anabaena flos-aquae NRC 525-17 [4, 5]. This toxin was implicated in the death of wild animals (ducks, birds, swine) after ingestion of contaminated water. This cyanotoxin is a neurotoxin, but different from anatoxin-a, and this unique alkaloid is an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase with a toxicology similar to that of known anticholinesterases such as paraoxon [116-119]. Anatoxin-a(s) provokes salivation (thus the suffix (s)), chromodacryorrhea, fascic-ulation, and urinary incontinence, and death within 7-20 min, on rats treated with 0.25-1.0 mg kg (i.p.) The lethal dose LD50 (mouse, i.p.) is 50 pg kg"" making... 

Cook WO, Beasley VR, Lovell RA, Dahlem AM, Hooser SB, Mahmood NA, Carmichael WW (1989) Consistent inhibition of peripheral cholinesterases by neurotoxins from the freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae studies of ducks, swine, mice and a steer. Environ Toxicol Chem 8 915-922. doi 10.1002/etc.5620081010... 

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